新中国“十七年”现实主义油画的“真实”问题

发布时间：2018-03-13 00:31

本文选题：“十七年”美术　切入点：现实主义油画　出处：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现实主义艺术的目标是“要在对当代生活严密观察的基础上,对现实世界进行真实、客观且公允不偏的再现”,“真实”从一开始就是处于现实主义核心地位的理论问题也是现实主义的生命力之所在。现实主义对“真实”的追求使人们第一次真正将目光投向了平凡无奇的日常事物,也使经历了几千年理想与憧憬之后的人类艺术在十九世纪脚踏实地地回到了自然和生活。现实主义与别的文艺思潮的差异可以阐述为对“真实”的不同理解,而歪曲与误读“真实”将致使现实主义的生命力被抹杀。对“真实”的追求造就了现实主义艺术在十九世纪中叶的辉煌,并深刻影响了苏俄与中国的美术发展。由于政治等社会因素的综合影响,新中国“十七年”时期(1949年——1966年)从苏联引入了社会主义现实主义艺术理论,并作为那个时期美术创作的最高准则。以这种原则为指导的油画创作虽然继承了现实主义写实的表现手法,但其意义和性质发生了转换,对“真实”的追求表现出了强烈的政治倾向性与功利性,艺术的任务在于以理想化的形象颂扬党的革命斗争成果以及国家建设成就,激起群众的热情,鼓动他们全身心地投入到新中国的建设中去。实际上,这个时期通过对艺术家的改造,过分地强调艺术的大众化和宣传效应,致使审美模式固定化,迎合形势、题材单一且内容矫饰的油画作品大量出现,这恰恰是对现实主义“真实”追求的违背,也将最终导致现实主义生命力的丧失。美术创作的最终结果是物态化的美术作品,分析一个时期的美术现象最好还是回到实践中去,回到作品中去。本文的意图在于以现实主义对“真实”的讲求来分析“十七年”时期现实主义油画的创作实践,从国家施加给创作主体的影响、革命历史油画作为主要的表现形式、创作传达的方式等三方面反思这个时期的油画创作,讲清楚现实主义所追求的“真实”在这个时期艺术实践中的瓦解,以便使我们对比时下流行的现实主义称谓,从“真实”的角度明辨何为现实主义艺术进而指导我们的油画创作。
[Abstract]:The goal of realistic art is to "be true to the real world on the basis of close observation of contemporary life." Objective and fair reappearance "," reality "from the beginning is the theoretical problem in the core position of realism is also the vitality of realism. Realism's pursuit of" truth "makes people really, for the first time. Look at the ordinary ordinary things of the day, In 19th century, after thousands of years of ideal and yearning, human art returned to nature and life. The difference between realism and other literary and artistic trends can be described as a different understanding of "reality". The distortion and misreading of "reality" will destroy the vitality of realism. The pursuit of "reality" created the brilliance of realistic art in the middle of 19th century, and deeply influenced the development of art between Russia and China. The period of "seventeen years" in New China (1949-1966) introduced the theory of socialist realism art from the Soviet Union. And as the highest standard of art creation in that period, although the painting creation guided by this principle inherited the realistic expression technique, its meaning and nature changed. The pursuit of "reality" shows a strong political inclination and utilitarianism. The task of art is to celebrate the achievements of the Party's revolutionary struggle and the achievements of national construction in an idealized image, thus arousing the enthusiasm of the masses. They were encouraged to devote themselves to the construction of New China. In fact, this period, through the transformation of artists and excessive emphasis on the popularization of art and propaganda effects, led to the immobilization of the aesthetic model to cater to the situation. A large number of oil paintings with a single theme and pretentious content appear, which is just the violation of the pursuit of realism and will eventually lead to the loss of the vitality of realism. The final result of art creation is materialized art works. It is best to return to practice to analyze the art phenomenon in a certain period of time. The intention of this paper is to analyze the practice of realistic oil painting in the period of "seventeen years" with the emphasis of realism on "reality", and to exert the influence on the creative subject from the state. The revolutionary historical oil painting, as the main form of expression and the way of creation and communication, reflects on the oil painting creation of this period in order to explain clearly the disintegration of the "truth" pursued by realism in the artistic practice of this period. In order to make us compare the current popular realistic appellation, from the point of view of "reality" to distinguish what is realism art and guide our oil painting creation.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J213

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