英国民族风景画派的兴起及其发展

发布时间：2018-06-04 23:14

本文选题：十九世纪 + 英国绘画　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：风景画在欧洲绘画史的地位可以说是非常重要的,而说到风景画,可以追溯到中世纪时期,这一时期,许多画家为了宗教题材壁画的需要,绘制了许多记录某些地方的风景草图,但此时风景画并不能并算是一个单独的画种。随着绘画的发展,风景画也逐渐从众多的画种之中脱颖而出,成为一个独立的且在绘画之中具有重要地位的画种。现在我们谈到风景画必然想到法国,因为风景画中很多著名的画派都诞生于法国,比如印象派、巴比松派、现实主义画派。但是英国的风景画很少被人所提及,然而英国的风景画在欧洲绘画史上所具有的地位并不比法国差,而且法国众多的著名风景画派其源头也可以追溯到英国的风景画。纵观欧洲各国绘画的发展史,可以发现英国绘画的发展有着鲜明的特点,因为其特殊的地理位置,使得十四世纪的文艺复兴运动对英国影响甚微,加上随之到来的宗教改革对英国原本绘画的破坏,使得欧洲其它各国的绘画在迅速发展的时候英国绘画的发展却出现了断层。而随着小汉斯·荷尔拜因与凡·代克等外国画家的到来,肖像画这一画种也随之进入英国,英国的画坛也开始被肖像画这一个单独的画种所垄断,在长达四百多年的时间里,英国只有肖像画这一个画种,这完全就是英国绘画的大萧条时期。但是他们的到来也为英国的绘画带来了一丝生机,为英国绘画的再起步作出了贡献。而再起步之后,英国绘画的发展速度远远超过了欧洲其它各国。英国特殊的地理位置给予了英国人民强烈的自豪感,使他们不再愿意让自己国画的画坛被外国画家所统治。再加上英国资产阶级革命的成功以及工业革命的开始,政治与经济开始飞速发展,也让英国人民有更多的精力与时间投入到对绘画的欣赏之中,而“大旅行”的教育方式也使得英国人民沉浸于大自然的美丽风光之中,英国民族风景画派也应运而生。再加上英国本土画家们的努力,如威廉·荷加斯的讽刺风俗画为英国绘画的推广做出了不小的贡献,雷诺兹成立的英国皇家美术学院为英国的画坛培养了大量的人才,而庚斯博罗是他奠定了英国民族风景画的基础。也正是因为他们,英国民族风景画派才得以诞生,才会出现两位站在了欧洲风景画巅峰的英国风景画大师——透纳与康斯特布尔。而其后法国著名的印象派以及巴比松派正是受到这两位风景画大师的影响才能够得以诞生。
[Abstract]:The status of landscape painting in the history of European painting can be said to be very important. But when it comes to landscape painting, it can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when many painters needed frescoes on religious subjects. A lot of sketches have been made to record some places, but the landscape is not and is not a separate painting. With the development of painting, landscape painting has gradually emerged from many kinds of paintings and become an independent painting with an important position in painting. Now when we talk about landscape painting, we must think of France, because many of the famous painting schools in landscape painting are born in France, such as Impressionism, Babbitson, realism. However, English landscape painting is rarely mentioned, but its status in the history of European painting is not inferior to that of France, and the origin of many famous French landscape painting schools can be traced back to the English landscape painting. Looking at the history of painting development in European countries, we can find that the development of English painting has distinct characteristics, because of its special geographical location, the Renaissance movement in the 14th century had little influence on Britain. With the coming religious reform, the destruction of the original British painting, so that other European painting in the rapid development of the development of British painting has appeared a fault. With the arrival of foreign painters such as Hans Holbein, Jr., and Van Dyke, the portrait painting species also entered the United Kingdom, and the British painting world began to be monopolized by the portrait painting, a single kind of painting, which lasted for more than 400 years. There is only one type of portrait in England, which was the Great Depression of English painting. But their arrival also brought a trace of vitality for British painting, and contributed to the start of British painting. And after starting again, the development speed of British painting far exceeded other European countries. Britain's special geographical location gives the British people a strong sense of pride, making them no longer willing to let their painting world be ruled by foreign painters. Coupled with the success of the British bourgeois revolution and the beginning of the industrial revolution, the rapid development of politics and economy also gave the British people more energy and time to devote themselves to the appreciation of painting. However, the education of "Great Travel" made the British people immerse themselves in the beautiful scenery of nature, and the British National Landscape School came into being. Coupled with the efforts of British painters, such as William Hogarth's caricature and folklore, which contributed significantly to the promotion of British painting, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, founded by Reynolds, trained a large number of people in the British painting world. Ginsboro was the foundation of his national landscape painting. It was because of them that the British National Landscape painting School was born, and there were two great masters of English landscape painting, Turner and Constable, who stood at the peak of European landscape painting. The famous Impressionists and Babylonians in France were influenced by these two masters of landscape painting.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J209.9

【参考文献】