高平开化寺宋代壁画研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 13:25

本文选题：高平 + 开化寺　；参考：《山西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：高平开化寺为全国重点文物保护单位，是我国现存宋金时期早期建筑之一，大雄宝殿为宋熙宁六年（1073年）建造，座北朝南，面阔三间，深进六椽，单檐九脊顶，整个梁架结构皆为宋时所建。殿内壁画，除南墙无壁画外，其余三壁皆满绘，面积约有88.2平方米，是我国现存最为完整、面积最大的唯一一处宋代寺观壁画。内容以佛教故事为主，壁画绘制精美，笔力遒劲，线条流畅，技法高超。与大雄宝殿的建筑、彩绘合称为“开化寺三绝”，为我国古建筑中不可多得的魂宝。目前，对开化寺的研究也是刚刚开始，虽曾有无数专家、学者对其进行考察和研究，但是针对大雄宝殿内的壁画有研究的文章却凤毛麟角。本文着重在审美特征方面进行分析和研究。研究方法主要采取文献参考，图像和形式美构成的分析，从壁画的内容和绘制风格以及壁画的艺术特征来着力进行研究，力图完整并清楚地展现出壁画的内容和艺术特色。高平地处太行山西南的边缘地带，是中华民族五千年文明史的重要发祥地之一，军事地位也十分显赫，著名的长平之战就发生在此，历来为兵家必争之地。在北魏时为氏县，属北魏所辖，从现存大量佛教文化遗址和遗存中就能看出佛教在当时的兴盛和繁荣。开化寺壁画分为三组，形式大致相似，中间为毗卢遮那佛《说法图》，两侧是经文故事。北壁因中间开有板门一道，又分为西面壁画和东面壁画，所绘内容为本生故事图，东壁佛像为华严三圣，损坏较为严重。总的来说，其壁画鸿篇巨制，古朴典雅。布局疏密有致、主次分明、构图严谨；人物造型庄重慈祥、场面状阔；线条勾勒笔力遒劲、变化丰富、色彩浓丽；在人物冠饰和建筑物上，，大量使用了沥粉贴金的表现技法。壁画整体辉煌灿烂，实为宋代壁画之精品。
[Abstract]:Gao Ping Kaihua Temple is the key cultural relic protection unit in China. It is one of the existing early buildings in Song and Jin dynasties in China. The Daxiong Temple was built by Song Xining for six years (1073), with a seat in the north facing the south, three sections wide, deep into six rafters, and nine ridges with single eaves. The whole beam frame structure was built in Song Dynasty. The frescoes in the temple, except for those in the south wall, are full of paintings and have an area of about 88.2 square meters. They are the only temple frescoes in the Song Dynasty that have the most complete and largest existing area in our country. The main content of the Buddhist story, beautifully painted murals, powerful pen, smooth lines, superb techniques. With the building of Daxiong Temple, color painting is called "three absolute Kaihua Temple", which is a rare soul treasure in ancient architecture of our country. At present, the study of Kaihua Temple is just beginning, although there have been countless experts, scholars to investigate and study it, but there are few articles on the mural in the Hall of Great Xiong. This paper focuses on the aesthetic characteristics of the analysis and research. The research method mainly adopts the literature reference, the image and the form beauty constitution analysis, from the mural content and the drawing style as well as the mural art characteristic to carry on the research diligently, tries hard to display the mural content and the artistic characteristic completely and clearly. Gao Ping is located in the southwest of Taihang Mountain and is one of the important birthplaces of the five thousand years civilization history of the Chinese nation. The military position is also very prominent. The famous war of Changping takes place here and has always been a necessary place for soldiers. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was a county under the jurisdiction of the Northern Wei Dynasty. From a large number of Buddhist cultural sites and remains, we can see the prosperity and prosperity of Buddhism at that time. The frescoes of Kaihua Temple are divided into three groups. The north wall is divided into western murals and east murals because of the banmen gate in the middle. The content of the painting is a picture of this life story, and the Buddha statue of the east wall is Huayan Sansheng, so the damage is more serious. In general, its murals are monumental, simple and elegant. The layout is dense, the primary and secondary is clear, the composition is strict; the character modelling is solemn and kind, the scene is broad; the line sketch is strong, the change is rich, the color is rich; in the figure crown and the building, has used the lek powder to put the gold performance technique in a large amount Murals as a whole brilliant, in fact, the fine works of the Song Dynasty murals.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J218.6

【参考文献】