南北高洛宝卷研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 10:16

【摘要】：宝卷是说唱文学的一种,由唐代的变文与宋代和尚的“说经”演变而成。20世纪20年代文学界把它作为一种民间俗文学进行研究,音乐界从20世纪80年代开始将它作为一种仪式音乐米研究。早先学者的研究多倾向于宝卷文本的分析和谱例的分析,对它所揭示的深层的社会文化内涵以及在仪式中的功能及其音乐形态的分析相对较少。宝卷在不同地域中的音乐表现形式和功能不一样,对不同地区的宝卷音乐来做分析比较,也是宝卷研究中一项必要的工作。李世瑜、郑振铎和车锡伦三位学者都曾给宝卷下过定义,虽然他们对宝卷来源的看法有所不同,但是对它内容和功能的看法却是不谋而合的,即宝卷是一种同宗教和民间信仰活动相结合的说唱文学形式。从音乐学的角度来对宝卷下定义,它是民间的一种古老的说唱音乐形式。该定义从三个方面来界定:首先,它生存于民间。可能它不是一般意义上官方认可的音乐形式,“民俗资料带有信仰上的私密性、政治上的脆弱性和保管上的破坏性”。《中国大百科全书.戏曲曲艺》“中国现代曲艺曲种表”(第306页)囊括了341种说唱音乐,却没有把河北地区的宝卷收录进去,这与前面给宝卷所下的定义是相悖的。宝卷的流传地域非常广,在北方以河北、山西等地为主,在南方以江苏等地为主,而且脚本众多,但它却是被曲艺音乐界所遗忘的一种说唱艺术门类。出现这种遗漏,究其原因,可能是因为过去人们将它视为邪教的教义和封建迷信的象征,因而忽视了它文字背后的音乐。其次,它是古老的。它产生时间久远,可以追溯到唐代的俗讲,据今有800多年的历史。再次,它属于说唱音乐。因为从具体的音乐形式来看,它是语言与歌唱结合的艺术品种。很多学科对宝卷研究都有所涉猎,它目前已经成为民间俗文学、音乐学、宗教学等学科所研究的对象,仅从音乐学的角度来看,它既属于宗教音乐,又属于仪式音乐与说唱音乐。本文着重从仪式和宗教这两个角度对宝卷进行分析,分析宝卷及宣卷人的生存状况以及宝卷文本和宣卷活动所反映的社会文化内涵。对它的音乐形态的分析,笔者选择南高洛的《后土皇帝宝卷》和北高洛的《白农宝卷》。民族音乐学归根结底是要通过音乐及其所生存的社会现象背后揭示其文化内涵,所以音乐本体的分析是必不可少的环节。光未然(张光年)先生在云南收集并出版的彝族支系阿细人的民间叙事诗《阿细人的先鸡》,据他回忆:“当时阿细部族中的青年男女,能够从头至尾唱完这‘先鸡'的全部的,已经不多了。”十年后,随着一名主要演唱者的去世,他所记录的这个文本也成了绝唱。所以本文将两部宝卷的所有演唱曲调全部记下,其目的不光仅仅是为了研究分析,这项工作在将来会显示其必要性。另外,本文主要研究南北高洛两村现存的宝卷,除将这两村的宝卷做对比外,笔者力图将所能搜集到其他地区的宝卷文本以及两村内的其他声乐形式做一个比较。车锡伦认为21世纪的宝卷研究,首要的任务是深入研究宝卷这种特殊的民间说唱形式发展过程中的诸问题,在此基础上,各方面的研究始可自然整合,而逐步形成跨学科的“宝卷学”。本文以《后土皇帝宝卷》和《白农宝卷》为研究对象,借助人类学、民俗学与社会学的研究方法和研究成果,发现女性神信仰与生育信仰是贯穿于这两部宝卷存在和发展的精髓。
[Abstract]:Baojuan is a kind of rap literature, evolved from the Tang Dynasty variant and the Song Dynasty monk's "Shuo Jing". Literature circles in the 1920s studied it as a folk literature, and music circles began to study it as a ritual music meter from the 1980s. Previous scholars'research tended to analyze and compose Baojuan text. The analysis of examples reveals the deep social and cultural connotations, functions and musical forms in rituals. The musical forms and functions of Baojuan are different in different regions. The analysis and comparison of Baojuan music in different regions is also a necessary work in Baojuan research.
Li Shiyu, Zheng Zhendo and Che Xilun all defined Baojuan. Although they had different opinions on the origin of Baojuan, their opinions on its content and function coincided. Baojuan is a form of rap literature combined with religious and folk belief activities. It is an ancient form of folk rap music. The definition is defined in three ways: first, it exists in the people. Maybe it is not an officially recognized form of music in the general sense. "Folklore materials have religious privacy, political vulnerability and destructive preservation." Many disciplines have been involved in the study of treasure scrolls. It has become the object of folk literature, musicology, religion and other disciplines. From the perspective of musicology, it belongs to both religious music and ritual music and rap music. In the analysis of its musical form, the author chooses Nan Gaoluo's "Emperor's Pao Jian" and Bei Gaoluo's "Bai Nong Bao Jian". Ethnomusicology, in the final analysis, reveals its cultural connotation through music and the social phenomena it exists. So the analysis of music noumenon is an indispensable link. Mr. Zhang Guangnian collected and published the folk narrative poem "The First Chicken of the Ashi People" in Yunnan Province. According to his recollection, there were not many young men and women in the Ashi tribe who could sing the whole "First Chicken" from beginning to end. With the death of a major singer, his record of this text has become a climax. So this article will be two treasure scrolls of all the singing tunes recorded, not only for the purpose of research and analysis, this work will show its necessity in the future. In addition, this paper mainly studies the north and South Gaoluo two villages of the existing treasure scrolls, in addition to the two. In addition to the village treasure scrolls, the author tries to compare the treasure scrolls that can be collected in other areas and other forms of vocal music in the two villages.
Che Xilun holds that the first task of treasure scroll research in the 21st century is to study the problems in the development of treasure scroll, a special form of folk rap. On this basis, all aspects of research can be naturally integrated, and gradually form an interdisciplinary "treasure scroll study." This paper takes "Houttu Emperor's treasure scroll" and "Bai Nong's treasure scroll" as the research objects. With the help of anthropological, folkloric and sociological research methods and achievements, it is found that women's religious beliefs and reproductive beliefs are the essence of their existence and development.
【学位授予单位】：中国艺术研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：J609.2

【引证文献】