家居装修污染物甲醛散发的模拟研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 14:00

本文选题：室内空气品质 + 家居装修　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代社会生活中,人们80%～90%的时间是在室内度过的,所以室内空气品质的好坏直接影响到人们的生产和生活。而国内外的调查表明众多建筑的室内空气品质存在较大问题,室内空气品质的研究已成为现代建筑科学和空调工程的前沿课题,它涉及医学卫生、建筑环境工程、建筑设计等多方面,研究的目的是创造一种卫生、健康、舒适的室内环境。因此,对室内空气品质的研究具有很重要的意义。本文首先介绍了目前课题研究的进展,而后建立起一套通用的装修材料散发有害物的数学模型,并对相关参数的意义及算法加以说明。之后从数学模型入手,创建出一种程序计算与CFD仿真相结合的模拟方法,并以甲醛为有害物的代表,在一套实际房型的基础上,结合各种因素,对木地板散发甲醛的整个过程进行模拟,并将房间中的甲醛浓度结合实测值进行对比,吻合情况较好,说明模拟方法有较强的可靠性。本文模拟过程中首先建立起房间的模型,而后运用CFD仿真得到地板表面的空气流速,从而可以得到甲醛的平均对流传质系数。之后通过编程以及曲线拟合可以得到地板甲醛散发率的公式,将其用FLUENT当中的UDF(用户自定义函数)功能嵌入地板当中再次进行CFD仿真,就可以得到室内甲醛浓度的分布情况。因为程序迭代计算的前提是空间内部甲醛浓度均匀,因此跟实际情况有所偏差,可以对比CFD仿真结果将平均浓度加以修正,从而简化模拟过程。最后分析了房间有害物浓度检测的各个条件,并对此过程进行模拟,可以计算出正常通风情况下房间甲醛浓度达到标准所用的时间。本文通过对木地板散发甲醛的模拟研究,可以看出整个过程与很多因素相关。在正常通风情况下,甲醛的散发率以及房间内的浓度自初始时刻是一个急剧衰减的过程,在数十小时之后相对稳定。同时,地板内部靠近空气一侧的甲醛浓度降低明显,较深的部分甲醛浓度依然可以保持在初始值,所以只要停止通风一段时间,甲醛的散发率和房间内的浓度仍然可以回到较高的水平。对于不同的房间,通风情况良好的房间往往发散过程衰减的比较迅速,而通风较差的房间整个过程会有相对的延迟。在房间的不同部位,由于通风情况不尽相同,其浓度也会存在较大差异。因此对于一个装修完毕的房间,尽可能地加强各部分的通风是针对室内装修空气污染的最简单可行的方法。本文在模拟方法上所做的创新尽管有所不足,但是对于模拟房间内部有害物浓度分布以及分析其与各个因素之间关系,可靠性较强,在现阶段对于家居装修有害物控制这个课题有着很强的实用价值。
[Abstract]:In modern social life, people spend 90% of their time indoors, so the quality of indoor air directly affects people's production and life. The investigation at home and abroad shows that there are great problems in indoor air quality of many buildings. The study of indoor air quality has become the frontier subject of modern building science and air conditioning engineering. It involves medical hygiene and building environment engineering. The purpose of the research is to create a hygienic, healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Therefore, the study of indoor air quality is of great significance. This paper first introduces the progress of the present research, and then establishes a general mathematical model of the harmful substances emitted by decoration materials, and explains the significance and algorithm of the related parameters. Then, starting with the mathematical model, a simulation method combining program calculation and CFD simulation is established, and taking formaldehyde as the representative of the harmful substance, on the basis of a set of actual housing type, combined with various factors, The whole process of formaldehyde emission from wood floor is simulated, and the formaldehyde concentration in the room is compared with the measured value. The result shows that the simulation method has strong reliability. In this paper, the model of the room is established firstly, then the air velocity on the floor surface is obtained by CFD simulation, and the average convection mass transfer coefficient of formaldehyde can be obtained. Then the formula of formaldehyde emission rate of floor can be obtained by programming and curve fitting. The distribution of indoor formaldehyde concentration can be obtained by embedding the function of UDF (user defined function) in FLUENT into the floor and emulating it again with CFD. Because the premise of the iterative calculation is that the formaldehyde concentration in the space is uniform, there is a deviation from the actual situation, so the average concentration can be modified by comparing with the simulation results of CFD, thus simplifying the simulation process. Finally, the conditions for the detection of indoor harmful substance concentration are analyzed, and the process is simulated to calculate the time for the formaldehyde concentration in the room to reach the standard under normal ventilation conditions. In this paper, through the simulation of wood floor formaldehyde emission, we can see that the whole process is related to many factors. Under normal ventilation the formaldehyde emission rate and the concentration in the room are a rapid decay process from the initial moment and are relatively stable after several decades. At the same time, the formaldehyde concentration inside the floor near the air side decreased significantly, and the deeper part of the formaldehyde concentration remained at the initial value, so as long as the ventilation stopped for a period of time, Formaldehyde emission rates and room concentrations can still return to higher levels. For different rooms, the room with good ventilation tends to decay rapidly during the divergence process, while the room with poor ventilation will have a relative delay in the whole process. In different parts of the room, because of the different ventilation conditions, its concentration will also exist great difference. Therefore, for a decorated room, it is the simplest and feasible method to strengthen the ventilation of every part of the room as far as possible. Although the innovation of the simulation method in this paper is insufficient, it is more reliable to simulate the concentration distribution of harmful substances in the room and to analyze the relationship between the distribution of harmful substances and various factors. At the present stage, there is a strong practical value for the control of household decoration hazards.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：X51

【参考文献】