装修居室甲醛污染状况及功能植物的甲醛去除能力研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 07:14

  本文选题：装修住宅 + 居室环境　； 参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：室内环境质量与人体健康息息相关。人们在经历了“煤烟型”和“光化学烟雾型”污染之后,正进入以“室内污染”为标志的第三代空气污染时期。 甲醛是装修居室和建筑材料释放到空气中的主要污染物,因其潜在的致敏、致癌、致畸已成为近年室内环境研究的热点。在对长沙市部分装修住宅室内环境调查的基础上,分析居室甲醛含量变化的影响因素,筛选有一定甲醛净化能力的功能植物,利用吊兰探讨功能植物对居室甲醛的去除能力。 居室装修后2年内的甲醛超标率53.3%,甲醛平均含量0.11±0.07mg/m3,甲醛浓度范围为0.01～0.45mg/m3,最大超标倍数达3.5倍；不同功能区装修居室的甲醛平均含量顺序为：小孩房主卧(次卧、书房)客厅；甲醛浓度随装修后时间延长呈总体下降态势,装修后7个月以上的住宅室内甲醛含量降低0.04mg/m3；装修后短期内室内甲醛含量超标率比装修后长期居室高约25%,主卧甲醛超标率高达82.35%；相同装修时间后的住宅,放置家具比未放入家具的居室甲醛平均含量提高0.04mg/m3；相同功能区,同一住宅,平均温度为28℃时甲醛平均浓度较平均温度在22℃时甲醛的平均浓度提高0.15mg/m3,温度升高对厨房的影响最大。 五种供试植物对甲醛的吸收率分别为：常春藤(87.8%)万年青(82.8%)吊兰(81.4%)虎尾兰(69.4%)芦荟(65.8%)；不同时间段的植物吸收效果不同的,这可能与植物的生物学特性有关。试验初期(3h～9h)甲醛得到强烈吸收,9h～18h时间段,植物吸收甲醛能力逐渐降低,而试验后期(18h～24h),植物可能处于饱和阶段,甲醛的吸收量微弱；植物单位叶面积对甲醛的吸收量和植株整体对甲醛的吸收量并不相同。针对相同室内观赏植株,叶面积越大,甲醛的吸收量越多。 室内装饰材料的甲醛释放是一个由快变慢的过程,随着甲醛含量的不断升高,甲醛的释放逐渐趋于稳定,处于动态平衡状态；放置植物的居室较未放置吊兰的居室甲醛含量降低0.15mg/m3,平均吸收率为4.7%,最大吸收率约10%；植物对居室甲醛的净化作用需要与其他甲醛去除方法进行联合处理,以达到最优的效果。
[Abstract]:The quality of indoor environment is closely related to human health. After "coal smoke" and "photochemical smog" pollution, people are entering the third generation air pollution period marked by "indoor pollution". Formaldehyde is the main pollutant released into the air by decoration rooms and building materials. Because of its potential sensitization, carcinogenesis and teratogenicity, it has become a hot spot in indoor environmental research in recent years. Based on the investigation of indoor environment of partially decorated residential buildings in Changsha City, the factors influencing the change of formaldehyde content in living rooms were analyzed, and the functional plants with certain formaldehyde purification ability were selected. The average formaldehyde content was 0.11 卤0.07 mg / m ~ (-3), the formaldehyde concentration range was 0.01 ~ 0.45 mg / m ~ (3), the maximum exceeded the standard multiple was 3.5 times, the order of formaldehyde content in different functional areas was: the children's main bedroom (the second bedroom, the study) living room; The formaldehyde concentration decreased with the extension of decoration time, and the indoor formaldehyde content decreased 0.04 mg / m3 after decoration for more than 7 months. In the short term after decoration, the indoor formaldehyde content exceeded the standard rate by about 25%, and the main bedroom formaldehyde exceeded the standard rate as high as 82.35%. After the same decoration time, the average formaldehyde content of the furniture placed in the house was increased by 0.04 mg / m ~ 3 compared with the room without furniture; the same functional area, The average concentration of formaldehyde at 28 鈩，

本文编号：2021176