大理白族合院民居建筑的空间与装饰研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 12:06

【摘要】：云南省是少数民族最多的地区，不同的民族风俗、生活习惯，和对不同自然环境的适应造就了类型丰富、独具特色的传统民居文化，成为中国传统民居文化宝库的重要组成部分。白族是中国南方历史悠久民族，列中国第15大民族。白族合院民居成形于南诏大理国时期，经过清明时期的进一步发展，逐渐形成了“三坊一照壁”“四合五天井”的独院或向纵深发展多院组合的独具民族风格和地方特色的大型民居建筑。大理白族合院民居建筑是我国独树一帜的少数民族民居建筑文化，在创造、发展过程中融合了各民族的智慧。从古代起就是云南各族人民喜爱居住的一种住宅形式。白族民居建筑是全国首批历史文化名城、重点风景区、优秀旅游城市之一的大理的重要景观，，受到中外来宾的称赞。作为少数民族的建筑文化，大理白族合院民居建筑虽然在建筑水平、装饰手法、艺术特色等方面达到较高的水平，但并没有得到广泛的学习和应用，本文尝试从大理白族合院民居产生的自然、文化背景，主要的空间形式和装饰特色等方面开展研究，将大理白族合院民居的美丽画卷展现出来，发现其历史价值，发扬其建筑精髓。第一章对本课题的背景、内容、意义、研究方法等方面进行了论述，明确大理白族合院民居建筑发展的历程，丰富的建筑和装饰语言，珍贵的历史、文化、人文价值，以及对于现代民居建筑的借鉴作用，以此建立起论文的框架结构。第二章阐述大理白族合院民居建筑产生的自然、历史、人文背景，包括大理白族的民族概况、风俗习惯、自然环境等，最重要的内容就是这种民居建筑背后所蕴含的深厚的文化积淀和思想观念，包括本土崇拜、佛教、儒道思想等对于大理白族人民思想和民居建筑的影响。第三章论述了大理白族合院民居建筑的空间形式，包括“三坊一照壁”“四合五天井”“六合同春”等，分别阐述了这些空间形式的组成和特色。第四章以大理白族合院民居的装饰展开，重点论述了大理白族合院民居装饰手法中最具有代表性的彩绘、木雕技艺，从彩绘、木雕的发展历史、技法特点、艺术特色等方面详细展开，还有地面铺装、植被绿化等装饰手法也是大理白族合院民居不可缺少的组成部分。第五章主要是围绕大理白族合院民居的历史文化价值和对于现代民居的借鉴意义展开论述，强调功能与艺术的统一，建筑与自然的统一，借鉴与创新的统一，希望现代民居建筑朝着人、自然、建筑和谐统一的方向发展。
[Abstract]:Yunnan is the region with the largest number of ethnic minorities. Different ethnic customs, living habits, and adaptation to different natural environments have created a rich and unique culture of traditional houses. To become an important part of the cultural treasure house of Chinese traditional residence. The Bai nationality, the 15 th largest ethnic group in China, has a long history in the south of China. The Bai nationality Hanyuan residence was formed in the period of Nanzhao Dali State and further developed during the Qing Ming Dynasty. Gradually formed "three places and one Zhaobi", "Sihe five patio" of the unique courtyard or to the depth of multi-courtyard combination of unique national style and local characteristics of large residential buildings. Dali Bai nationality United House architecture is a unique architectural culture of ethnic minority houses in our country. In the process of creation and development, it integrates the wisdom of all nationalities. Since ancient times, Yunnan people of all nationalities like to live in a form of housing. Bai folk residence architecture is one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities, key scenic spots, one of the excellent tourist cities Dali important landscape, received praise from Chinese and foreign guests. As the architectural culture of the minority nationalities, although the architecture of the Dali Bai nationality Hanyuan residential building has reached a higher level in terms of architectural level, decoration techniques and artistic characteristics, it has not been widely studied and applied. This paper attempts to study the natural, cultural background, main space forms and decorative features of the Bai nationality residential houses in Dali, so as to show the beauty of the houses and find its historical value. Carry forward the essence of its architecture. The first chapter discusses the background, content, significance and research methods of this subject, and clarifies the course of the development, rich architectural and decorative language, precious history, culture, humanistic value, etc. And for the reference of modern residential architecture, to establish the frame structure of the paper. The second chapter expounds the natural, historical and humanistic background of the Dali Bai people's residential buildings, including the general situation of the Bai nationality, customs and habits, natural environment, etc. The most important content is the profound cultural accumulation and idea behind this kind of residential building, including native worship, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, and so on. The third chapter discusses the space forms of Dali Bai nationality House, including "three Square and one Zhaobi", "Sihe five patio", "six contract Spring" and so on, and expounds the composition and characteristics of these space forms respectively. The fourth chapter starts with the decoration of the Dali Bai people's House, focusing on the most representative painting and woodcarving techniques, from the development history and technical characteristics of the color painting, wood carving, and so on. Artistic features and other aspects of the detailed development, as well as ground paving, vegetation and other decoration techniques are also an indispensable part of the Dali Bai House. The fifth chapter mainly focuses on the historical and cultural value of the Bai nationality residence in Dali and the significance of reference for modern houses, emphasizing the unity of function and art, the unity of architecture and nature, and the unity of reference and innovation. We hope that modern residential buildings will develop in the direction of harmony and unity of people, nature and architecture.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU253

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