哈尔滨道外“中华巴洛克”风格建筑装饰细部研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 08:13
【摘要】：“当音乐和传说都已沉默时，建筑却还在歌唱。”建筑，可能是文化传承的最好见证和整饬。中国近代建筑史是伴随着中国近代史，特别是在中国这样比较特别的历史转换时期，这种历史状况决定的建筑史尤为明显。这特殊的历史时期推动了中国建筑由传统的古典向现代转型。着一时期的建筑充满殖民色彩，西方的建筑风格、流派深深影响我们的近代建筑。同时这些建筑中相当一部分受到中国传统文化影响产生变异、和风格本土化倾向。我们研究这些特殊的欧式建筑、挖掘其所蕴含的大时代背景下历史意义，对于发展我们的建筑特色传承、创新具有借鉴意义。对现时的建筑方向、建筑理论及时下粗制滥造的建筑观念能够起到很好的警醒作用。在那样艰苦的社会环境里能够产生属于我们自己的建筑风格，即后文即将展开研究的“中华巴洛克”建筑群，而时下已经日渐崛起的中国却没有自己的建筑风格，抄袭盛行。我们所缺乏的是一种对建筑的敬畏之心，所以出现很多莫名其妙的建筑，或者更多的是火柴盒建筑。 哈尔滨可以说是一个年轻的城市，这座城市是伴随着一条特殊的铁路而兴起。当年称之为“东清铁路”或是“中东铁路”。1898年，当时的沙皇俄国出于侵占中国东北乃至中原的目的派人在这里修建铁路。随着铁路修建人员带来大量侨民也带来商机，世界各国侨民陆续汇聚于此，高峰时有16万之多。不难想象当时繁华之程度。据统计当时哈尔滨侨民组成有30多个国家，可见哈尔滨当时在世界上的知名程度。如此众多的侨民带来了经济和文化的空前繁荣。他们的到来也给哈尔滨的建筑带来翻天覆地的变化，，甚至当时的哈尔滨建筑风格一度同欧美同步。这一时期的建筑大部分仍完整的伫立于哈尔滨的大街小巷，默默诉说当年繁华。哈尔滨很快就成为名符其实的国际都市。这些数量庞大的建筑组成了哈尔滨的近代建筑史不可或缺的重要部分。其中中央大街是典型的代表，这条街道只有1400米长，却林立这数量众多的各个时期的欧式建筑。拜占庭式、巴洛克式、文艺复兴式等等风格流派建筑在这里都能找到。由此哈尔滨也呗称之为“东方小巴黎”、“东方莫斯科”。 自从哈尔滨开埠以后相当长的一段时间里，先后被俄罗斯、日本所占据。期间法国、美国、意大利等国家殖民者也数量不等的聚集于此，甚至这里还曾经再二次世界大战期间收留过数量众多的犹太人，令其免遭德国人的迫害。这样复杂的“国际背景”造成一个无可争辩的事实，哈尔滨成为一个新兴国际城市。其后遗留下来的欧式建筑群落，成为哈尔滨近代城市建筑重要组成部分。各种风格、各种流派的欧式建筑都能在哈尔滨找到痕迹。本文所述之建筑群落位于哈尔滨市道外区，我们称之为“中华巴洛克”。
[Abstract]:"when music and legend are silent, the building is still singing." Architecture may be the best witness and orchestration of cultural heritage. The architectural history of modern China is accompanied by the modern history of China, especially in such a special period of historical transition, and the architectural history determined by this historical situation is particularly obvious. This special historical period promoted the transformation of Chinese architecture from traditional classical to modern. In a period of architecture full of colonial color, Western architectural style, school deeply affected our modern architecture. At the same time, many of these buildings are influenced by Chinese traditional culture. We study these special European architecture, excavate its historical significance under the background of the big times, have reference significance for developing our architectural characteristic inheritance and innovation. The architecture theory and the concept of building which is made indiscriminately can serve as a good warning to the present direction of architecture. In such a difficult social environment can produce our own architectural style, that is, the forthcoming study of the "Chinese Baroque" architectural complex, but now the rising of China does not have its own architectural style, plagiarism is prevalent. What we lack is a fear of architecture, so there are many inexplicable buildings, or more matchbox buildings. Harbin can be said to be a young city, the city is accompanied by a special railway and rise. In 1898, the then tsarist Russia sent people to build railways here for the purpose of invading northeast China and even the Central Plains. As railway builders bring a large number of expatriates and business opportunities, the world's diaspora has gathered here, at its peak, as many as 160000. It is not difficult to imagine the degree of prosperity at that time. According to statistics, Harbin's diaspora was composed of more than 30 countries at that time, so Harbin was well known in the world at that time. So many expatriates have brought about unprecedented economic and cultural prosperity. Their arrival also brought tremendous changes to Harbin architecture, even Harbin architectural style was once synchronized with Europe and the United States. Most of the buildings of this period are still standing in the streets and alleys of Harbin. Harbin soon became an international city worthy of its name. These massive buildings constitute an indispensable part of Harbin's modern architectural history. Its central street is typical. It is only 1400 meters long, but it is a large number of European buildings in various periods. Byzantine, Baroque, Renaissance, and so on style buildings can be found here. From this Harbin also calls it "Oriental Little Paris" and "Oriental Moscow". Harbin has been occupied by Russia and Japan for a long time since the opening of Harbin. France, the United States, Italy and other countries also gathered here in varying numbers, even here during the second World War to host a large number of Jews to protect them from the Germans. Such a complex "international background" creates an indisputable fact that Harbin has become a new international city. The European architectural community left behind became an important part of Harbin's modern urban architecture. All kinds of styles and schools of European architecture can be found in Harbin trace. The architectural community described in this paper is located in the area outside Harbin Road, which we call "Chinese Baroque".
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU238
本文编号：2188893
[Abstract]:"when music and legend are silent, the building is still singing." Architecture may be the best witness and orchestration of cultural heritage. The architectural history of modern China is accompanied by the modern history of China, especially in such a special period of historical transition, and the architectural history determined by this historical situation is particularly obvious. This special historical period promoted the transformation of Chinese architecture from traditional classical to modern. In a period of architecture full of colonial color, Western architectural style, school deeply affected our modern architecture. At the same time, many of these buildings are influenced by Chinese traditional culture. We study these special European architecture, excavate its historical significance under the background of the big times, have reference significance for developing our architectural characteristic inheritance and innovation. The architecture theory and the concept of building which is made indiscriminately can serve as a good warning to the present direction of architecture. In such a difficult social environment can produce our own architectural style, that is, the forthcoming study of the "Chinese Baroque" architectural complex, but now the rising of China does not have its own architectural style, plagiarism is prevalent. What we lack is a fear of architecture, so there are many inexplicable buildings, or more matchbox buildings. Harbin can be said to be a young city, the city is accompanied by a special railway and rise. In 1898, the then tsarist Russia sent people to build railways here for the purpose of invading northeast China and even the Central Plains. As railway builders bring a large number of expatriates and business opportunities, the world's diaspora has gathered here, at its peak, as many as 160000. It is not difficult to imagine the degree of prosperity at that time. According to statistics, Harbin's diaspora was composed of more than 30 countries at that time, so Harbin was well known in the world at that time. So many expatriates have brought about unprecedented economic and cultural prosperity. Their arrival also brought tremendous changes to Harbin architecture, even Harbin architectural style was once synchronized with Europe and the United States. Most of the buildings of this period are still standing in the streets and alleys of Harbin. Harbin soon became an international city worthy of its name. These massive buildings constitute an indispensable part of Harbin's modern architectural history. Its central street is typical. It is only 1400 meters long, but it is a large number of European buildings in various periods. Byzantine, Baroque, Renaissance, and so on style buildings can be found here. From this Harbin also calls it "Oriental Little Paris" and "Oriental Moscow". Harbin has been occupied by Russia and Japan for a long time since the opening of Harbin. France, the United States, Italy and other countries also gathered here in varying numbers, even here during the second World War to host a large number of Jews to protect them from the Germans. Such a complex "international background" creates an indisputable fact that Harbin has become a new international city. The European architectural community left behind became an important part of Harbin's modern urban architecture. All kinds of styles and schools of European architecture can be found in Harbin trace. The architectural community described in this paper is located in the area outside Harbin Road, which we call "Chinese Baroque".
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU238
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