住宅装修导致室内甲醛污染的控制研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 15:03

【摘要】：现今住宅装修大规模盛行,装修材料在住宅室内的过量使用造成广泛的室内甲醛污染,已严重影响到人们的生命健康,这使得控制装修导致的室内甲醛污染更加具有现实意义。本文的研究思路为:装修甲醛污染形成的机理分析—竣工后室内甲醛浓度变化规律的归纳总结—全装修模式下材料预前处理控制甲醛污染—调节室内微小气候控制装修竣工后已存在的甲醛污染。本文从剖析各类装修材料潜在甲醛的释放机理入手,调查分析重庆地区住宅装修导致甲醛污染的现状和影响因素,得出装修竣工后室内甲醛超标率为83.3%,平均超标1.7 倍,最高超标3.5 倍,污染程度比较严重。室内甲醛浓度与室内温湿度、风速、竣工时间以及材料暴露程度等因素有相关性关系。本文监测实际装修工程竣工后室内甲醛浓度的变化情况,总体上甲醛浓度随竣工时间的延长而降低,归纳出竣工后室内甲醛浓度自然“衰减”短期和长期的变化规律。竣工后1 个月内甲醛浓度—时间模型的拟合函数为:y = 0.4174e~(-0.0060x) ,相关系数r = 0.793,在竣工第1 个月末室内甲醛浓度只比竣工时降低18.4%;竣工1 年内甲醛浓度—时间模型的拟合函数为:y = -0.0775ln(x) + 0.3711,相关系数r =0.915,在竣工后第1 年末室内甲醛浓度比竣工时下降59.7%。在归纳室内甲醛浓度变化规律的基础上,详细分析利用全装修模式的优势进行人造板材喷洒尿素溶液、板材喷涂甲醛捕捉剂、高温烘烤板材、封闭板材断面和木地板企口等4 种材料预前处理,评价这些材料预前处理措施对室内甲醛污染的施工控制效果,结果显示在竣工后第60 天,这4 种材料预前处理后的室内甲醛浓度比同期没有采取任何处理的室内分别有22.8%、54.4%、31.0%、26.1%的降幅。综合使用这几种材料预控处理后,竣工第60 天时的室内甲醛浓度比未处理的房间同期下降了74.6%,材料预前处理对竣工后甲醛污染有明显的控制效果。最后通过单独反复升高室内环境温度、湿度,并辅以自然通风间歇的措施,加速装修材料中潜在甲醛的释放,使常态下室内甲醛浓度分别比未升温、升湿的室内降低了82.0%和62.6%,显著改善了室内装修竣工后已存在的甲醛污染。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the large-scale prevalence of housing decoration, decoration materials in the indoor excessive use of indoor formaldehyde pollution, has seriously affected people's lives and health, which makes it more practical significance to control indoor formaldehyde pollution caused by decoration. The research ideas of this paper are as follows: mechanism analysis of formaldehyde pollution in decoration-Indoor formaldehyde concentration change law after completion-material pre-treatment control formaldehyde pollution-adjusting indoor micro-climate control under full decoration mode The formaldehyde pollution existing after the completion of the decoration. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of formaldehyde release from various decoration materials, the present situation and influencing factors of formaldehyde pollution caused by residential decoration in Chongqing area are investigated and analyzed. It is concluded that the indoor formaldehyde exceeding standard rate is 83.3times after completion of decoration, with an average exceeding standard of 1.7 times. The highest exceed the standard 3.5 times, the pollution degree is quite serious. Indoor formaldehyde concentration is related to indoor temperature and humidity, wind speed, completion time and material exposure. This paper monitors the change of indoor formaldehyde concentration after the completion of the actual decoration project. Overall, the formaldehyde concentration decreases with the extension of the completion time, and the change law of the natural "attenuation" of indoor formaldehyde concentration after completion is concluded. The fitting function of the formaldehyde-time model is: y = 0.4174e- 0.0060x within one month after completion. The correlation coefficient r = 0.793, the indoor formaldehyde concentration at the end of the first month of completion is only 18.4 lower than that at the end of completion, and the fitting function of the formaldehyde-time model within one year of completion is: 1: y = -0.0775ln (x) 0.3711, the correlation coefficient r = 0.915, and at the end of the first year after completion, the fitting function of the formaldehyde concentration time model is: y = -0.0775ln (x). The concentration of formaldehyde was 59.7% lower than that of completion. On the basis of summarizing the change law of indoor formaldehyde concentration, this paper analyzes in detail the application of the advantages of the full decoration mode to the artificial board spraying urea solution, the plate spraying formaldehyde trapping agent, the high temperature baking plate, The pre-treatment of four kinds of materials, such as closed plate section and wood floor opening, is evaluated to evaluate the construction control effect of these pre-treatment measures on indoor formaldehyde pollution. The results show that the control effect is 60 days after completion. The indoor formaldehyde concentration of the four kinds of materials after pretreatment was 22.8% lower than that of the room without any treatment in the same period, 54.4% or 31.0% lower than that of the room without any treatment in the same period. After comprehensive use of these materials, the indoor formaldehyde concentration at the 60th day of completion decreased 74.6% compared with the untreated room, and the pre-treatment of the material had obvious control effect on the formaldehyde pollution after completion. Finally, by increasing indoor temperature, humidity and natural ventilation intermittent measures, accelerating the release of potential formaldehyde in decoration materials, the indoor formaldehyde concentration under normal condition is respectively higher than that of no temperature rise. The indoor humidity decreased by 82.0% and 62.6%, and the formaldehyde pollution existed after the completion of indoor decoration was significantly improved.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：X512

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