诗歌含义生成的语言学研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 23:23

本文关键词：诗歌含义生成的语言学研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文以形成于20世纪初的俄罗斯诗学语言学为理论基础,综合语义学,修辞学,符号学和认知语言学等学科的理论和方法,以诗歌含义为研究中心和本文立论的出发点,对诗歌含义的本原、存在、本性等进行了较为详尽的论述;将作品、作家、宇宙、读者置于互动的场景中,解析诗歌文本结构因素和文本内、外语境因素对诗歌含义发生和生发的作用和影响,揭示诗歌含义本体分析的理论模式和实践价值。本文在结构上除了绪论和结论外,主体部分共八章,这八章按照诗歌含义生成过程的内在逻辑又可分作三个大的板块。绪论简要回顾了俄罗斯诗学语言学的概况和发展,诗学语言学在汉语学界的研究情况以及诗歌含义在俄汉诗学语言学研究中的理论、方式和得失,探讨了诗歌含义研究的语言学层面,并由此引出了本文选题的缘由,研究意向,方法和意义。第一个大的板块由第一章和第二章构成,为全文的基础章节。这里全面阐述了诗歌含义的本体结构和概念,对诗歌含义进行了认知分析和界定。指出语言作为一套符号系统,其意义是元生的,结构是派生的,合成的结构又具有生成新意的潜能;语义是分层级的,有语言义和言语义的区别,它们对应语言艺术作品的深层语义和表层语义;诗歌含义代表言语义的最高层级,是言语义的审美极致,代表心智的最高、最新、最美的认知体验;调控语言结构的规则是语义规则;元生的意义体现在诗歌创作中,乃是诗歌含义对诗歌创作的统领,含意是诗人构思作品的本源,也是创作诗歌的结点。诗歌含义是由诗歌表层语义结构承载和生成的,是“语言范畴的语义结晶”。在常规言语活动中,主体对语言符号的操作程序其实并不复杂:即选择和组合。选择操作以等价的语义关系为根据,包括同义和反义、近邻义和远疏义;组合操作(即组织句子)则以相邻性作为根据,如配价能力,语法规则等。语义的聚合关系与组合关系共同影响语言的修辞功能和话语含义的生成。话语含义的形成和体现不是语句组成单位意义的直接累加,而是纵横两向轴上具备等价关系和平行对比关系的语义的比值。诗歌语言成分的语义比值不能等于1,因为诗歌充满暗示、隐藏和象征,蕴含丰沛,意境深远,不存在成分完全对等的重复。第二个大的板块包括第三章和第四章,对诗歌的语音、语形系统的语义化审美构造以及它们同诗歌含义的互动关系作了专题研究。指出语言符号是一套综合系统,音、形、义三位一体,既不可分离,又相对独立。三要素之间,语音和语形受语义支配,同时对语义具有反作用,它们共同组成一个开放和演进的意义系统。在现实的言语活动中,语音和语形在承载语义的过程中发挥的功能和效力可以是不平衡的,即语言可以通过语音或语形的改变来传达额外之情,特殊之意。诗歌充分发挥了语言的这种特性:利用语音突显,诗歌营造起各式各样的语音积聚和重复,构筑起自己的声韵、节律和语调,制造奇妙的音响效果;特殊的独白式的调性甚至能够赋予数字组合序列诗以别样的诗意,给人以愉快、哀伤或忧郁的情感体验。利用语形突显,诗歌能够按照题旨的需要安排自己的构形,集中采用某种语法结构,形成排比,对偶,层递,反复,排复等表现力手法,使诗歌曲折的情致、细腻的意象形成于言外,或由节律音响溢出。语音和语形的系统性、规律性构造也能造成语义的聚合关系的突显。这种突显手法可以改造词汇的表达功能,实现词汇语义的诗性化审美升华,生成其它语言手段无法传达的富含文学、哲学性质的诗歌含义。本文中以人称代词和指示代词为例具体分析了语义聚合关系的突显对它们的指代意义的影响。但语音和语形的语义化审美构造对诗歌含义的生成一般只起到辅助作用,在音、形、义的一致性构造产生冲突时,语音、语形一般要服从于语义。第三个大的板块由第五章、第六章、第七章和第八章组成,是论文的核心部分。该部分按照诗歌含义生成原理的内在逻辑分别对陌生化,等价原则,平行对照原则,语义翻译进行了认知探析,简要论述了汉语诗学有关诗歌含义生成的学说和主张。利用这些诗学原理作为理论线索,将诗歌文本的结构要素(语音、语法、语义)、语用功能、文化背景、作者和读者等方面的关系串联起来,综合分析这些方面的因素在诗歌含义生成中的功能和影响,以满足从诗歌创作至诗歌接受的全程解析。第五章阐述了诗歌含义生成中的一个核心原理——“陌生化”,与陌生化相关的“前景化”理论,以及中国诗学中近似“陌生化”的审美诗学观——“惊奇感”。陌生化理论将文学分析从文本外的世界转移至文本本身的“手法(приём)”,强调艺术创作就是一种“陌生化”和“阻滞”手法的运用,就是要揭掉蒙在语言身上的概念阴影,使“语词复活”,还原它本来的面貌,但不是客体的表意符号,而是诗体本身。陌生化和前景化理论强烈地吸引着人们从语言学角度重新审视诗歌文本,思考诗歌含义生成的手法问题,启发人们寻找诗歌含义生成的文学评论与语言学分析从隔离到合力的切入点。第六章探析了诗学等价原则与诗歌含义生成的关系。阐述了诗学等价原则的内涵,认知生发机制,等价范畴,并对诗歌文本做出了全方位的等价分析。等价原则是雅可布逊提出的一个非常重要的诗学原理。他虽然是从语言功能的角度提出这个原理的,但该原则完全可以解答言语义的生成机制问题,当然包括诗歌含义的生成机制。等价原则关于“诗性功能就是将等价原则从选择轴投射到了组合轴”的理论观点给对我们探寻诗歌含义生成的机制具有重大的启示作用。它使我们发现了诗歌文本重构“世界语言图景”的内在目的,诗歌文本中各层级的语言单位的音、形、义三要素的突显与生成诗歌含义的功能,组成诗行的语言单位间的纵横语义对比及其比值问题,等价关系的诗歌文本内投射和文本外投射问题以及这些等价投射对诗歌含义生成的作用与影响。第七章评析诗学平行对照原则。探讨了平行对照原则的诗学思想基础,基本特点和创新之处,以实例评析了诗歌平行对照原则的在解释诗歌含义生成问题中的可操作性。平行对照原则实质上是对雅各布逊诗学等价原则的继承和发展。继承点在于,平行对照原则也指出了诗歌文本纵向和横向的语义建构机制,特别看重诗歌语言单位聚合序列的特殊功能,认为正是由于聚合关系而形成诗歌文本各个层级语言成分的重复,从语音、格律、词汇、句法、诗行乃至整个篇章都有平行参照的对象,能够相提并论、相互对立,促生语义变量和不变量的比值关系,从而使含义互生,赋予诗歌“微言大义”,“微言多义”的特性。创新之处在于,平行对照原则指出自动化和非自动化机制在诗歌文本构造机制中同时起作用;平行对照原则把诗文本传统上被认为是纯属构形层面的语法也囊括进语义认知模式中,打破了传统语言学理论只将语法视为“语言使用的规则系统”的认识,使语法范畴变为诗歌含义生成的积极因素;把作品、作家、读者置于历史文化的动态语境中,认为读者作为解读主体参与文本的语义生成,作家之间,作品之间,作家与作品之间也有等价对比关系,这些因素都对诗歌含义的生成构成影响。第八章阐述诗歌含义的翻译原理。通过诗歌语内翻译探讨诗语义同语言义的关系,说明在诗学等价原则和平行对照原则作用下,诗歌文本中发生着复杂的语言含义向诗歌含义的转化,使诗歌表层言语结构不再表示它一般的语义,或者说不再和自己的深层语言结构表示同一个意思。诗歌含义通过表层结构结晶、析出,不能返回诗歌文本的深层语义结构层面。深层语义结构只是对诗歌含义元语言的解释,诗歌含义必须伴随诗歌文本的韵律、调性和节奏来品味。通过语内翻译,诗歌表层结构能够在元语言层面得到多重体现,这些体现结构能够从不同侧面,如“思想”,“主题”,“构思”等文艺学概念提供语言学的“等价物”。翻译体现说可以解释诗歌语音,语法,修辞,语用中所探讨的许多重要问题。通过诗歌的语际翻译分析语际间的等价语义单位的纵向选择和横向组合的运作程序,可以揭示诗学等价原则和平行对照原则在诗歌语际翻译中的渗透作用。这种渗透能够保证译文与原文的诗歌含义生成机制最大程度的接近。结论指出,诗歌含义的生成语言学研究,通过分析音义、形义互动,陌生化、等价原则、平行对照原则和语义翻译原则的作用,不仅能够正确地解决诗歌语言的分析问题,厘清语言与诗歌,语言意义与诗歌含义的关系,建立科学的诗歌语义学,还能够将文学、心理学、社会学、哲学等与诗歌创作有关的诸种学科贯穿入诗歌分析中,打通诗歌创作、诗歌流传、诗歌欣赏诸种学科门类之间的壁垒。诗歌含义生成的语言学研究对诗歌创作、诗歌翻译也具有很强的指导作用,为诗学语言学、语言学的开拓发展提供理论支持和实践依据。
[Abstract]:This paper formed in early twentieth Century Russian poetic linguistics as the theoretical basis, comprehensive semantics, rhetoric, theory and method of semiotics and cognitive linguistics, the meaning of the poem as the starting point and the research center of this argument, the existence of the primitive meaning of poetry, nature, etc. were discussed in detail; the works. The writer, a reader in the universe, interactive scene, analysis of poetry text structure factors and environmental factors on foreign language text, the meaning of the poem and germinal role and influence, analysis the meaning of the poem ontology theory model and practical value.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body consists of eight chapters. The eight chapters are divided into three parts according to the internal logic of the generation of poetic meaning.
The introduction briefly reviews the general situation and development of poetic linguistics in Russia, the theory of poetic linguistics research in the academic circles of Chinese poetry and the meaning in the study of Russian and Chinese Poetics in linguistics, and discusses the pros and cons, linguistic meaning of poetry, and thus leads to the reason, this paper studies the intention, significance and methods.
The first section includes the first chapter and the second chapter, based on chapters. Here a comprehensive exposition of the concept of ontology structure and the meaning of the poem, poetry on the meaning of the cognitive analysis and definition. It is pointed out that language as a system of symbols, its meaning is the element, the structure is derived, the synthesis of structure it has generated new potential; semantics are hierarchical, there is difference between linguistic meaning and speech meaning, their corresponding language art of the deep semantic and surface semantics; the meaning of the poem represents the highest level of speech meaning, pragmatic meaning is the highest aesthetic pole, on behalf of the mind, the most beautiful cognitive experience regulation; language structure rules and semantic rules; Yuan meaning reflected in the creation of poetry, but poetry meaning of poetry creation and meaning is the poet conception of the origin of the work, is the creation of poetry poetry meaning nodes. It is carried and generated by the surface semantic structure of poetry, and it is "the semantic crystallization of the language category".
In the conventional speech activities, subject to language procedure is not complicated: the selection and combination. The selection operation on semantic relations equivalent to include synonyms and antonyms, meaning neighbor and far Shu Yi; combination operation (i.e. organizing sentences) in adjacent basis, such as valence ability, grammar the relationship between polymerization rules. The relationship between combination and semantic influence generation of language rhetoric and discourse meaning. The direct accumulation of meaning formation and reflects not a statement unit of meaning, but the aspect ratio of the shaft to have two semantic equivalence relation and parallel relation. The semantic components of the language poetry ratio is not equal to 1, because poetry is full of hints, hidden and symbol, contains rich, profound artistic conception, are not exactly equivalent repetition.
The second section includes the third chapter and the fourth chapter, the voice of poetry, the aesthetic system of semantic syntactic structures and their relationship with poetry meaning for monographic study. It is pointed out that language is a comprehensive system, sound, shape, righteousness three-in-one, neither inseparable, and relatively independent. Between the three elements of speech and language form, semantic control, and has an inverse effect on semantic meaning, they constitute an open system and evolution. In the speech of reality, speech and language plays in the process of the bearing of the semantic function and effectiveness can be unbalanced, namely by language speech or language shape change to convey extra love, special meaning. Give full play to the characteristics of the poetry language: the speech highlighted poetry to create every kind of speech accumulation and repetition, build your own rhyme, rhythm and intonation system Make wonderful sound effects; monologue special tonality can even give digital sequence in another poem poetry, to give people happy or sad emotional experience. The syntax highlighted, poetry can arrange their own configuration according to the need to adopt a central theme, grammatical structure, the formation of parallelism, antithesis. The hierarchical, complex and repeated, row expressive techniques, the poetry twists and turns of beauty, a delicate image in words, or by rhythm sound overflow.
The system of speech and language form, structure regularity can also aggregate relationship caused by semantic prominence. This technique can highlight the function of expression transformation of vocabulary, lexical semantics of realization of poetic aesthetic sublimation, generative linguistic means can not convey the rich meaning of literature, poetry philosophy nature. Taking personal and demonstrative pronouns as an example analyzes the semantic salience of paradigmatic relation to their influence significance. But the semantic generation of speech and language form aesthetic generation of poetic implications generally only play a supporting role, in the sound, shape, meaning the structure conflict consistency, speech, language should be subordinated to the general semantics.
The third section is composed of fifth chapters, sixth chapters, seventh chapters and eighth chapters, is the core part of this paper. In this part, according to the internal logic of the principle of the generation of poetic implications of defamiliarization, equivalence principle, the principle of parallel control, semantic translation of cognitive analysis, briefly discusses the generation of poetic implications in Chinese poetics the theory and ideas. Using these poetic principle as the theoretical clue, the structural elements of the poetry text (phonology, grammar, semantics), pragmatic functions, cultural background, relationship between the author and the reader series, a comprehensive analysis of these factors on the function and influence of the generation of poetic implications of the analysis to meet accepted from poetry to poetry.
The fifth chapter expounds the meaning of the poem in the formation of a core principle of "Defamiliarization", and defamiliarization related Foregrounding Theory and aesthetic poetics Chinese poetics in approximate "Defamiliarization" point of view "sense of wonder". Strange literary analysis from the world outside the text to the text itself "manipulation theory (DP, m, the same scene) emphasizes the use of artistic creation is a kind of" Defamiliarization "and" block "approach, is to uncover the concept of shadow on body language, the word of" Resurrection ", restore its original appearance, but not the object of the ideographic symbol, but the poetic itself. Defamiliarization and Foregrounding Theory strongly attracted people to examine the poetic text from the perspective of linguistics, thinking of the generation of poetic implications technique, inspired people looking for literary criticism and linguistic analysis of the generation of poetic implications from isolation to The starting point of the force.
The sixth chapter analyzes the relationship between the equivalence principle and the Poetics of generation of poetic implications. Expounds the connotation of poetic equivalence principle, cognitive development mechanism, equivalent category, and the poetry text analysis made equivalent in all directions. Equivalent principle is a very important poem of Jacobs Johnson proposed. Although he is from the function of language put forward the principle, but the principle of generating mechanism can solve the speech meaning, of course, including the meaning of the poem. The formation mechanism of theory of equivalence principle on "poetic function is the equivalence principle from the choice of shaft onto the shaft to the group" is of great inspiration for us to explore the mechanism of generation of poetic implications. It makes us find inner poetry text reconstruction "world language picture", language units at all levels in the poetry text sound, form, meaning the three elements of the highlight The generation of poetic implications, and Semantic Contrast and ratio of language units between the lines, the poetry text within the text and equivalence relation projection projected and the equivalent projection of the generation of poetic implications and effect.
The seventh chapter reviews the parallel control principle of poetics. It explores the poetics foundation, basic characteristics and innovations of parallel control principle. It evaluates the operability of poetry parallel control principle in explaining the generation of poetry meaning.
The essence of the principle of parallel control is the inheritance and development of Jacobson's poetics. Inheritance is the equivalence principle, the principle of parallel control also pointed out that the poetry text vertical and horizontal semantic construction mechanism, particularly valued the special function unit of language poetry polymerization sequence, that is because of the polymerization and the formation of the relationship between various levels of language poetry text composition repeat from the voice, vocabulary, syntax, rhythm, verse, and even the whole text has object, parallel reference can be compared against each other, promoting the ratio between semantic variables and invariants, the meaning of alternate, "sublime words with deep meaning", "poetry gives critical characteristics of polysemy". Innovation is the principle of parallel control points automated and non automated mechanisms also play a role in the poetry text structure mechanism; parallel control principle of the poem text is traditionally considered to be a layer configuration The grammar also include semantic cognitive mode, breaking the traditional linguistic theory of grammar will only as "knowledge rule system" of language use, positive factors make the grammatical category variable is generated for the meaning of the poem; the works of writers, readers in the history and culture of the dynamic context, that semantic generation, as readers interpret the subjects involved in the text between the writers, works, also have the equivalent relation between the writers and works, these factors which influences the generation of poetic implications.
The eighth chapter expounds the meaning of poetry translation principle. Through poetry intralingual translation to explore the relationship between poetry and language semantic meaning, in the Poetics of the equivalence principle and the principle of parallel control under the action of transformation happening in the poetry text meaning complex to the meaning of the poem, the poem words no longer said it generally surface structure or semantic. And the deep structure of their own language no longer represent the same meaning. The meaning of the poem by crystallization, the surface structure of precipitation, the deep semantic structure level cannot return to the poetry text. The deep semantic structure of poetry meaning just meta language interpretation of the meaning of the poem must be accompanied by the text of poetry rhythm, tone and rhythm to taste. The intra language translation. Poetry can be reflected in the surface structure of multiple meta language level, these can be found from different aspects, such as "thought", "theme" and "concept" etc. The concept of art provides the "equivalent" of linguistics. Translation embodiment can explain many important issues in poetry phonetics, grammar, rhetoric, and pragmatics.
Analysis of longitudinal selection of equivalent semantic units in different languages and horizontal combinations of operational procedures through the translation of poetry, poetry can reveal the equivalence principle and the principle of parallel contrasting penetrate in poetry in translation. This can ensure the penetration close to the translation and the original meaning of poetry generation mechanism to the greatest degree.
The conclusion shows that the generative linguistics study of poetry by analyzing the meaning, pronunciation, form and meaning of interaction, defamiliarization, equivalence principle, the principle of parallel control and semantic translation principles, analysis of the problem can not only correctly solve the language of poetry, poetry and language to clarify the relationship between language and meaning, the meaning of the poem, the establishment of scientific poetry semantics. But also to the literature, psychology, sociology, philosophy and poetry creation of various disciplines related through into the analysis of poetry, through the spread of poetry, poetry creation, poetry appreciation of various disciplines. The barrier between the linguistic study of generation of poetic implications of poetry, poetry translation also has a strong guiding role, for the Poetics of linguistics, to provide theoretical support and practical basis for the development of linguistics.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I052;H030

【引证文献】