斯皮瓦克的后殖民女权主义诗学批评

发布时间：2018-03-12 19:18

本文选题：斯皮瓦克　切入点：后殖民　出处：《辽宁大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 佳亚特里·C·斯皮瓦克是当下西方文艺理论界最活跃的批评家之一,是美国在赛义德之后当今最重要的后殖民理论批评家,她始终站在女性的立场上,运用马克思主义和解构主义等策略坚定不移地针对资本主义后工业时代的种种问题进行着文学文化文本政治批判,因此她将自己描述成“实践性的解构主义女性马克思主义者”。斯皮瓦克以一系列不同于西方传统女权批评的异质性,开辟了自己独具特色的后殖民女权主义文学批评。斯皮瓦克将德里达的解构策略引入女权主义文学批评,祛除了西方以一元论为本质特征的话语霸权对属下女性的遮蔽,彰显了后殖民地女性在传统的父权制压迫与殖民统治之间的双重边缘化身份以及夹在世界女权主义和民族主义之间的两难处境,并且将马克思主义的剩余价值学说引入女性生育问题,把女权主义文论与社会的政治、经济实践紧密结合,使女性作为社会实践中的主体获得关注,真正拥有了发出自己声音的合法性条件。斯皮瓦克的后殖民女权主义诗学批评独特的文化文本批评视野,使得西方的后殖民女权主义批评走出单纯的文字文本世界与女性的多元的文化现实接轨,从而使女权主义批评具有了前所未有的现实实践可能性。因此她的诗学批评,为西方女权主义批评开拓了新的生存空间,在东西方文学实践和社会实践中都具有独特的理论价值和现实意义。本论文从斯皮瓦克后殖民女权主义批评的理论渊源出发,通过对她本人驳杂的理论著作和言论的分析研究,挖掘出其理论的思想脉络体系,并阐明其理论的社会政治实践意义,尤其是对同样作为第三世界的中国文化与文学的现实启迪意义。论文第一章从宏观的理论背景角度,探讨了斯皮瓦克后殖民女权主义诗学批评形成的历史必然性。正是由于后殖民文化理论对弱势群体的关注,促使斯皮瓦克将批判的目光专注于前殖民地的女性群体,于是后殖民理论与女权主义诗学进一步有机结合,开拓出独具特色的后殖民女权主义批评,从而使得对第三世界女性话语权的批判达到了空前的高度。第二章从斯皮瓦克后殖民女权主义诗学批评的话语范围层面上,论述了斯皮瓦克从文学文本批评到文化文本批评的突破性贡献,通过她对解构主义、马克思主义理论不断超越的卓绝努力,西方女权主义批评走出了结构主义和解构主义纯文字游戏的窠臼,使文学文本的疆界向现实世界更广阔地开放,进入到文学现实批判的新的历史维度。最为可贵的是斯皮瓦克通过把女性生育问题与马克思主义的剩余价值学说相结合,为这一转变奠定了高度的社会实践意义:这种多元文化视角下,通过重差异、祛中心的理论批评,极力消解了逻各斯中心主义(logocentrism)和西方话语霸权的知识暴力,使一直沉默于父权制历史的弱势群体——女性的双重边缘化地位和她们的主体意识得到现实的关注。第三章在批评的性质层面上,着重论述了斯皮瓦克后殖民女权主义诗学批评的主旨,即以第三世界女性话语权的寻求为目的的政治伦理批评。本章从斯皮瓦克独特的“属下”论出发,立足于她对属下妇女档案资料的个案分析,揭示了属下妇女主体意识被遮蔽的历史;又通过她对造成这些遮蔽的各种权力话语的批判,论证了斯皮瓦克在理论和实践的双重维度对第三世界女性话语权的谋求。最后一章,分别从女权主义学理角度、文学创作角度和社会学角度论述了斯皮瓦克对中国女权主义文学理论、文学创作和文学批评的启示意义,集中探讨了西方女权主义文学批评理论的本土化问题,当下中国文学的身体写作问题以及中国女性的话语权等问题。
[Abstract]:Terry C Gayatri Spivak is one of the most active critics in the western literary theory, is the United States after Saeed's most important postcolonial criticism, she always stood on the position of women, the use of the Marx doctrine and the deconstruction strategy unswervingly aiming at the problems of the industrial age of capitalism after a literary and cultural political text criticism, so she describes himself as "Deconstruction of female practice the Marx doctrine." Spivak's with a series of different from the traditional Western feminist criticism of the heterogeneity, opened its own unique post colonial feminist literary criticism. The introduction of Spivak's Deconstruction of feminist literary criticism of Derrida, to dispel Western monism as the nature of the discourse hegemony of its women's shelter, highlighting the postcolonial women in the traditional father Double marginalization status between power system and colonial domination and oppression between feminism and nationalism dilemma, and the theory of surplus value of Marx's introduction of female fertility problems, the feminist literary theory and social politics, economic practice closely, make the female as the subject of social practice in the attention, really have the legitimacy to make their voice heard. Spivak's postcolonial feminist criticism and cultural criticism text unique perspective, the Western postcolonial feminist criticism out of pure text world and women's multicultural reality so that the feminist criticism has the practical possibility of hitherto unknown therefore. Her poetry criticism for Western feminist criticism has opened up a new living space in western literature and social practice. Both practice and practice have unique theoretical and practical significance.
This paper from the theoretical origin of Spivak's postcolonial feminism criticism perspective, through the analysis and Research on her complex theory works and speech, digging out the theory system, and expounds its theory of social and political practice, especially for the same as China culture and literature of the third world significance. The first chapter from the macro perspective of the theoretical background, discusses the historical inevitability of the formation of Spivak's postcolonial feminist criticism. It is because of concern about the colonial culture theory of vulnerable groups, prompting criticism, picowatts g will focus on pre colonial groups of women, so the postcolonial theory and feminist poetics further the organic combination, develop unique postcolonial feminist criticism, which makes criticism on the third world women's discourse has reached an unprecedented high The second chapter from Spivak. Postcolonial feminist criticism in the field of discourse level, discusses Spivak from literary criticism to cultural criticism text text of the breakthrough, through her deconstruction, Marx's theory of transcending transcendence to Western feminist criticism out of structuralism and deconstruction text game pattern the literary text, borders open wider to the world, into the literary criticism of the reality of the new historical dimension. The most valuable is Spivak through the theory of surplus value of female fertility problems and the Marx doctrine combining laid high social practical significance for this shift: the multicultural perspective by removing the center of weight difference, criticism theory, strongly digestion logoscentralism (logocentrism) and the western discourse hegemony of the knowledge of violence, The double edge position has been silent to the patriarchal history of vulnerable groups - women and women's subject consciousness has realistic concern. In the third chapter, in the aspect of nature criticism, focuses on the subject of Spivak's postcolonial feminist criticism, that is to seek the third world women's discourse for the purpose of criticizing the political ethics this chapter from Spivak's unique "subaltern" theory, based on the case of her women \'s archives analysis, reveals its women's subjective consciousness is obscured by criticism of history; she caused these covered various power of discourse, Spivak demonstrated in two dimensions of the theory and practice of the third world women right. For the last chapter, respectively, from the feminist academic point of view, the literary point of view of sociology and discusses Spivak to China female right main The significance of the theory of literature, literary creation and literary criticism has focused on the localization of Western feminist literary criticism theory, the issue of body writing in Contemporary Chinese literature, and the discourse power of Chinese women.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I06

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