读者反应理论的人文关怀

发布时间：2018-04-06 21:00

本文选题：人文主义　切入点：读者反应批评　出处：《上海外国语大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 人文主义是“以人为本”的世界观。这一世界观起源于古希腊和古罗马,在欧洲的文艺复兴中得以振兴,自此时起便不断地发展从而融入当代社会。人文主义世界观坚持人的伟大,否认上帝的存在;人的伟大之处在于人的多才多艺。启蒙运动前,人文主义站在宗教的对立面,将人的思想从宗教蒙昧主义的控制下解放出来,从而极大地促进了人类在科学和技术方面的进步,也促进了人们对于人类社会本身的认识。当代人文主义者则以更加开阔的视野观照自然及社会,反对形形色色的精英主义观点,拥护民主制度,肯定每一个社会成员的作用与价值。本文试图阐释读者反应理论所体现的人文关怀。读者反映理论是人文主义在文学批评领域的实现形式,具体表现为它对于读者的创造性才能与读者需求的肯定,同时也是推动民主制度发展的有力的批评工具。以往的文学理论批评家往往将读者看成是文本内容的被动吸收者,而读者反应批评家却认为在文学欣赏中读者是一个积极的主体参与者。对读者的创造性的肯定体现了读者反应理论与人文主义的契合,因为所有的人文主义主张都是以人的道德能力、理解能力和实践能力为基础的。读者反应理论批评家认为文学的功能应该是满足读者的需要。人文主义者认为享受生活是一种美德,与此相应的是读者反应理论坚持文学应该给读者带来快乐。在文学教育中,读者反应理论认为:学生对文本的独特理解应该受到尊重,这也是的读者一项重要需求;此外,需要区别对待不同的学生,因材施教。读者反应理论家是从读者对文本的反应开始进行理论构建的,正因为如此,读者的需求和兴趣成为他们关注的主要问题。人文主义最重要的成就在于它促成了民主制度在人类社会中的实现。使民主制度得以运转的最佳方法就是让社会中的不同声音得到充分的表达。就读者反应理论的本质而言,它是民主的,因为它认为在文本中不存在绝对的真理,也不存在对于文本唯一正确的阐释;对于某一个文本,有多少读者就可能存在多少种解释。文本理解的多样性体现了文学阅读与民主制度之间的不可分割的联系。读者反应理论指导下的文学解读有利于培养学生参与民主社会的实践能力。
[Abstract]:Humanism is the world outlook of people-oriented.This world view originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was revived in the Renaissance of Europe, and has been developed since then to integrate into contemporary society.Humanist worldview adheres to man's greatness and denies the existence of God; man's greatness lies in his versatility.Before the Enlightenment, humanism stood on the opposite side of religion, liberating human thoughts from the control of religious obscurantism, thus greatly promoting the progress of mankind in science and technology.It also promotes people's understanding of human society itself.Contemporary humanists view nature and society more broadly, oppose all kinds of meritocracy, support democracy, and affirm the role and value of each member of society.This paper attempts to explain the humanistic concern embodied in the reader's response theory.The theory of reader's reflection is the realization form of humanism in the field of literary criticism, which is embodied in its affirmation of the readers' creative ability and readers' needs, and it is also a powerful critical tool to promote the development of democratic system.The former critics of literary theory often regard the reader as the passive absorber of the text content, while the reader response critic thinks that the reader is an active subject participant in the literary appreciation.The affirmation of the reader's creativity reflects the agreement between the reader's response theory and humanism, because all humanism claims are based on human's moral ability, understanding ability and practical ability.Critics of reader response theory believe that the function of literature should be to meet the needs of readers.Humanists believe that enjoyment of life is a virtue, corresponding to the reader's response theory that literature should bring happiness to readers.In literary education, the reader's response theory holds that the students' unique understanding of the text should be respected, which is also an important need of the readers; in addition, different students should be treated differently and taught according to their aptitude.Readers' response theorists begin to construct the theory from the readers' response to the text, which is why the readers' needs and interests have become the main problems they pay attention to.The most important achievement of humanism is that it contributes to the realization of democracy in human society.The best way to make democracy work is to make the different voices in society fully expressed.In terms of the nature of the reader's response theory, it is democratic because it holds that there is no absolute truth in the text, and there is no only correct interpretation of the text; for a given text, there are as many interpretations as possible.The diversity of text understanding reflects the inseparable connection between literary reading and democracy.The literary interpretation under the guidance of the reader's response theory is conducive to the cultivation of students' practical ability to participate in a democratic society.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I06

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