卡西尔符号论和马克思主义艺术理论比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 07:06

本文选题：马克思　切入点：卡西尔　出处：《山东大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 人是什么?自古以来哲学家们给出了不同的答案。马克思主义和卡西尔符号学思想给我们提供了两条特别明晰的思路:“人是会制造工具的动物”和“人是会制造符号的动物”。这两种观念,分别从实践与认识、经验与先验、物质与意识的层面上,试图指出人类的本质所在。马克思主义认为,制造并使用工具进行生产劳动使人脱离了动物界;卡西尔则指出工具并不是人和动物差别的决定因素,工具只是人类的一种成就,这种成就依赖于人类先天具有的符号能力,符号就成了人类最显著标志。这样,“制造符号的人”与“制造工具的人”的对比研究就具备了一种可行性。符号与工具分别是卡西尔和马克思研究人类本质的两个基本范畴。其相通之处在于二者都是由人类制造出来,其差别在于解释人类本质的不同角度和不同层面。我们很可以假定工具的制造离不开人的符号形式能力,人的符号能力又确证着人的本质力量。没有人的符号观念的建设性作用,人类不可能制造出工具进行劳动;而人的符号能力无疑又是丰富多彩的本质力量的一个方面,或许是具有阶段性的一个方面。在比较的框架内,我们发现,卡西尔认为艺术是通过直观和感性对人类杂多的审美经验的定形化,是人类符号形式能力的一种客观化;而马克思主义艺术理论则把艺术作为人对世界的一种把握方式,是人的本质力量的对象化。卡西尔的符号论哲学开辟了一条透过符号来研究人类认识能力的新路径,阐明了人类如何运用自己的符号形式能力创造了丰富多彩的文化,并进而构建起了宏大的文化哲学或文化人类学体系。在卡西尔看来,艺术如同语言、神话、科学和宗教,和它们一起构成人类文化整体的各个扇面,因此,艺术创作也不例外地源于人类的符号能力。但艺术有着和其它文化部类不同的表现形式,卡西尔对艺术本质及艺术创作作出的独特解释,形成了独特的符号论艺术哲学。他将人类精神的能力归结为符号形式能力,这是一种形式化和客观化的能力,是一种命名和赋形的能力。这样,卡西尔就将康德对人类认识能力的静态分析转化为对人类文化建造机制的动态考察。在卡西尔哲学中,符号形式能力被视作人类的一种先天心理能力,“先验性”于是就成为卡西尔哲学的一个特点。马克思主义哲学是我们所熟知的,根据历史唯物主义的观点,人类独立于动物界的主要标志就是制造并使用工具进而改造和征服自然界。在马克思看来,人类正是利用工具并通过劳动实践创造了人本身和人类文化。在马克思主义哲学体系中,物质性的生产力、社会存在等是决定性因素,而艺术则属于社会意识形式,是高高居于基础之上的上层建筑,因此大致处于被决定的位置。因此,马克思主义艺术理论特别强调这种决定和被决定的关系,突出艺术与社会的关系等外部规律,艺术对现实的关系也曾经被理解为“反映论”的关系。正如马克思赋予了劳动工具基础性的意义,艺术也成了一种特殊的工具而发挥着独特的作用。这样,艺术在马克思那里也就有了一种类似于“物质性”、“实践性”的特征。对艺术的这种种看法,我们没有任何根据相信会赢得马克思本人的同意,但是我们的理论家确实易于根据他对人的本质的那种理解得出这些结论,如今我们相信这些结论是应该得到完善的。与黑格尔的哲学相比,革命性是马克思主义哲学的特点之一;马克思主义哲学不承认我们能够得到绝对真理,而能逐渐接近绝对真理。在这个接近绝对真理的过程中,马克思主义哲学不惮于吸收包括卡西尔哲学在内的人类文明成果以完善自身、与时俱进。
[Abstract]:What is man? Since ancient times, philosophers have given different answers. Marx and Cassirer's Semiotics provides two special clear to us: "man is a tool making animal" and "human is the animal which can make symbols. These two concepts, from the practice and understanding, experience with prior knowledge, material and consciousness, trying to point out the human essence. Marx holds that labor make people out of the animal world to make and use tools; Kaxierze pointed out that the tool is not difference between human and animal factors determining tool is only one kind of human achievement, the achievement on symbolic ability in human congenital the symbol is the most significant symbol of human. Thus, a comparative study of" symbol making people "and" making tools "has had a feasibility and the tool are symbols. Two basic categories of Cahill and Marx on the nature of human beings. Their similarities lie in the two are created by human beings, the difference lies in the interpretation of different angles and different aspects of human nature. We can presume that making tools cannot do without the ability to form the symbol, the symbol ability proves the power of human nature there is no sign. The concept of constructive role, human beings cannot make tools to work; and human's symbolic ability is one aspect of the nature of rich and colorful, perhaps is a party with the stage of the surface.
In a comparative framework, we found that Cahill believed that art is the intuition of human's varied aesthetic experience is a kind of objective setting, human's symbolic ability; and Marx's theory of art is the art as a way of understanding the world, is the object of human nature the.
Cahill's Semiotics philosophy opens up a new path through the symbol to the study of human cognition, illustrates how humans use their symbol ability to create rich and colorful culture, and then formed a grand cultural philosophy or cultural anthropology system. In Cahill's view, art and language, myth, religion and science together, each aspect of human culture as a whole, and their symbolic ability therefore, artistic creation is no exception originated from human. But art has a different category and other cultural forms, Casey, the essence of art creation and unique interpretation, forming a unique symbol of the philosophy of art. He will be human mental ability was attributed to the symbolic form ability, this ability is a kind of formal and objective, is the ability of a naming and shaped. In this way, Cahill will be on Kant The static analysis of cognitive ability is transformed into a dynamic investigation of the construction mechanism of human culture. In Cahill's philosophy, symbolic form ability is regarded as an innate mental ability of human beings. So Transcendentalism has become a characteristic of Cahill's philosophy.
Marx's philosophy is well known to us all, according to the historical materialism, the main mark of independence in the animal world of mankind is making and using tools to rebuild and conquer the world. In Marx's view, human beings are using tools created human itself and human culture. In Marx philosophy, material productive forces, social existence is the decisive factor, while art belongs to social consciousness form, is high in the basis of the superstructure, it is mainly located in a determined position. Therefore, the art of Marx's theory with special emphasis on the relationship of this decision and the decision by the external law highlights the relationship between art and society, art the relationship of reality was once understood as "theory of reflection". As Marx gave tools fundamental meaning, art became a A special tool and plays a unique role. In this way, the art in Marx there is a similar to the "material", "practical features". This kind of view on art, we don't have any reason to win the consent of Marx, but I have really easy to theorist he to human nature that understanding these conclusions, we now believe that these conclusions should be consummated. Compared with Hagel's revolutionary philosophy, is one of the characteristics of Marx's philosophy; Marx's philosophy does not admit that we can get the absolute truth, and can gradually close to the absolute truth. In the process of getting near to absolute truth Marx, Marxist philosophy is likely to absorb the fruits of human civilization including the philosophy of Cahill, in order to improve their own, keep pace with the times.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：J0

【共引文献】