交往行为理论视角下的文学翻译批评

发布时间：2018-04-10 07:49

本文选题：哈贝马斯　切入点：交往行为理论　出处：《湖南师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 文学翻译批评是整个文学翻译活动中不可缺少的一环,是翻译活动和译作社会接受之间的桥梁。本文以哈贝马斯的交往行为理论为视角,通过对语文学批评模式、结构主义批评模式和解构主义批评模式的批判性研究,对文学翻译批评活动的特点以及译本分析、意义理解、翻译批评标准等问题进行了理论探讨。语文学、结构主义和解构主义的文学翻译批评模式明显存在理论基础的脆弱性和研究的片面性这两个问题。哈贝马斯一直致力于克服结构主义和解构主义语言观本身的缺陷,他的交往行为理论就建立在对以语言为中心的交往活动做出合理解释的基础之上,以其为理论基础建构文学翻译批评研究可以有效地克服传统翻译研究中存在的问题。文学翻译从本质上说是一种以语言为媒介的特殊的交往行为,是作者——译者——读者之间以文本为中介的言语行为,文学翻译批评以特殊读者的身份参与了对话,旨在理性、科学地评价这种交往行为的效度。文学翻译的交往行为属性决定了其内在地关联着三个世界并同时处于合理性研究的三个层面,交往各主体间是主体——客体——主体的辩证统一关系。传统的翻译批评研究都局限于单一世界和单一层面,其共同的诟病在于割裂了主体——客体——主体的辩证统一关系,从而把翻译批评变成了某一方的“独白”。哈贝马斯认为言语行为包含“以言表义”和“以言行事”这“双重结构”。以言表义体现了言者的语言资质;以言行事体现了言者的交往资质。结构主义和解构主义割裂了言语行为双重结构间的内在联系,前者只关注语言本身,专注于译本的“内部研究”;后者从影响语言的外部因素着手,专注于译本的“外部研究”。以言语行为的双重结构为基础进行文学翻译批评研究既能根据语言的构成性规则考察译作的语言资质,又能根据言语的协调性规则考察译作的交往资质,对译本进行“全面研究”。理解是翻译活动中至关重要的概念,是翻译的根本。理解不只是对语句的句法-语义关系的理解,更是参与主体之间的默契与合作,是通过对言语行为有效性要求的理解达到对存在事物的共识。译者不仅要研究原作的语言结构和意向,更要理解原作提出的有效性要求,同时必须使译作满足可能理解的有效性要求。哈贝马斯经由语言的中介把理解活动置于三个世界之中,置于社会“规范性背景”之中,把社会理解作为个人理解的参照与检验,从而有效地遏制了结构主义意义理解的绝对性倾向和解构主义意义理解的相对性倾向。 “普遍语用学”是交往行为理论的语言学基础,旨在研究人们如何选择符合社会交往规范与准则的表达方式和语句,其核心任务在于建立言语行为可供理解的四条有效性要求:可理解性、真实性、规范性、真诚性。这四条有效性要求也是判断言语行为是否成功的标准。在言语行为有效性要求的基础之上我们结合哈贝马斯有关文学语言“文学性”这一特质的分析,提出了文学翻译批评“真实”、“和谐”与“美”的标准。
[Abstract]:Literary translation criticism is an indispensable part of the whole literary translation activities, is a bridge between translation activity and its social acceptance. Based on Habermas's theory of communicative action from the perspective of the language of literary criticism and deconstruction criticism mode mode, mode of critical study on literary translation criticism, structuralism, criticism and translation characteristics the analysis and understanding of meaning, discusses the theory of translation criticism. Philology, structuralism and Deconstruction of literary translation criticism mode has obvious theoretical basis for the existence of one sidedness and fragile study these two questions. Habermas has been committed to overcome the structuralism and deconstruction view of language itself, his communicative action theory based on the foundation of reasonable explanation to the language communication activity centered on the theoretical foundation of building The study of literary translation criticism can effectively overcome the problems existing in the traditional translation study.
Literary translation is essentially a kind of language is the medium of the special communication behavior, is the author of the translator and reader in text - mediated speech acts, literary translation criticism in particular readers participate in the dialogue, to rational, scientific evaluation of the behavior to the validity of communicative action attribute of literary translation. Because of its inherent relationship with worlds and in three aspects of Rationality Research and communication among different subjects is the dialectical unity between the subject object subject. The traditional translation criticism studies are confined to a single world and single level, the common criticism is that separates the subject object subject of dialectical relationship thus, the translation criticism into a monologue of one side.
Habermas believes that the speech act contains "words meaning" and "illocutionary act" of the "dual structure". The words meaning reflects the speaker's linguistic competence; illocutionary act reflects the speaker's communicative competence. Structuralism and Deconstruction of fragmented contact between the double structures of speech acts, the former only focus on language focus on the translation itself, "internal research"; the latter starting from the external influence factors of language, focusing on the translation of "external study". The dual structure of speech acts as the basis for the study of literary translation criticism can according to the constructive rules of language study and language translation qualification, according to the rules of coordination of speech on translation of communicative competence, "a comprehensive study on the text.
Understanding is a very important concept in translation activities, translation is not only the fundamental understanding of the syntactic semantic understanding of the relationship, it is a tacit understanding and cooperation among the participants, is based on the speech act of effective understanding of the requirements of existing things consensus. The translator should not only study the language structure and the intention of the original more, to understand the validity of the original request, and must make translation effectiveness may meet the requirements. To understand Habermas via the medium of language understanding into the three worlds, in the society "normative background", understand the social and personal understanding of the test as a reference, so as to effectively curb the relative tendency understand the absolute tendency and deconstruction meaning significance of structuralism.
"Universal Pragmatics" is a linguistic theory of communicative action, aims to study how people choose expressions and statements conform to social norms and standards, the core task is the four validity claims of a speech act for understanding the understandability, authenticity, Normativity, sincerity. The four effective request speech act is to determine whether the standard of success. On the basis of speech act validity requirements, we combine the analysis of the nature of the literary language of Habermas "Literature", the literary translation criticism "reality", "harmony" and "beauty".

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I046

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