文化语境与文学等值翻译

发布时间：2018-04-17 04:13

本文选题：文化语境 + 意象　；参考：《东北林业大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国古典诗词是中国文学的瑰宝,以含蓄、简约和微妙见长。中国古典诗歌是建立在一系列具体、特定的语境下描写出来的。这些描写能够刺激人们的感官而产生形象的感觉或画面,如落日的颜色、花草的芳香等,这些经过细致刻画的细节描写在诗歌中被称为意象。它是一种思想,一种境界,是诗人情感寄托的一种再现手段。从文学角度看,意象是诗的基本要素:一首诗从字面看是词语的连缀;从艺术构思的角度看则是意象的组合。从美学角度看,意象是诗的最小审美单位,一首诗中的各个意象通过不同组合方式达到一种整体效果,即产生诗歌的意境。因此,一代东方学权威亚瑟·韦利认为“意象是诗歌的灵魂”,我国明代的胡应麟也说:“古诗之妙,专求意象”。从某种意义上说,诗即意象。因此,从翻译角度上来讲,译诗即译意象。根据意象的本质和特征,意象的翻译也应从翻译的一般理论和翻译美学两方面入手,才能达到理想的效果。本文首先从语境的概念入手,在第一部分总体介绍了本文的大概内容及写作目的。第二部分,讨论了语境的概念及分类,语境的功能及其对翻译的作用;分析了文化语境在翻译中不可替代的现象。第三部分作者对中国诗歌中的意象进行了分析,探讨了因语言和文化上的差异,在诗歌的翻译和意象的传达方面存在着一些不可译的因素。进而剖析意象翻译中存在的困难和问题之所在。本文所阐述的意象的不可译因素主要体现于中国古代诗词中西方文化上的差异和中国诗词独特的美学特征方面。尽管在诗歌翻译中确实存在一些不可译的因素,但中外诗歌间的交流与影响,尤其是二十世纪初诗歌翻译的盛况,则是不容忽视的事实。因此,从总体上讲,诗歌是可译的。本文在第四部分中对诗词意象的翻译进行了详细阐述。本文肯定了语言的共性语义概念特点,并说明了翻译是在译文中寻求原文的最大程度的相似,绝对的等值翻译是没有的。本文继而对奈达功能等值理论的发展和涵义进行了论述,并结合认知隐喻理论的观点对等值翻译理论加以深入研究,运用中国诗词的翻译实例探讨翻译等值理论在诗词意象翻译中的应用。由于意象的美学概念,本文还从翻译美学的角度对意象翻译进行了探讨,提出了在诗词翻译过程中的意象转换过程。在这个过程中,意象转换是建立在译者对原诗整体体验上的,这个整体体验产生于当时诗人的文化、生活背景及其思想反映上的理解,并作用于译文的再造。本文从意象整合的角度分析了诗歌的语义、审美等层面上的对等基础,得出译者与作者思维上的一致是翻译的基础。而从意象的基础上进行语义整合是对等值翻译理论的深入理解和诠释,从而在理论层面上推进了等值翻译理论。总之,意象是诗歌的主题。意象翻译有助于诗歌译文结构的自然与和谐,也意味着诗训整体审美体验的有效传达。随着世界各国文化交流的日益增加和深化,不同文化背景下的诗词意象也越来越容易被异域的读者所理解和欣赏,不同语言间诗词的翻译是可以实现的。只有在翻译中达到了思想和美感的统一,这样的翻译就是成功的。
[Abstract]:China classical poetry is a treasure, China literature with subtle, simple and delicate articles. China classical poetry is based on a series of concrete, specific context description. This description can stimulate people's senses and produces the image of feeling or picture, like the color, fragrant flowers, the detailed characterization the details of the description in poetry is called image. It is an idea, a state, a method of realization of the poet's emotion.
From the perspective of literature, the image is the basic element of Poetry: a poem from the literal is the connection of words; from the perspective of artistic conception is the combination of images. From the angle of aesthetics, aesthetic imagery is the smallest unit of poetry, all the images in a poem to a whole effect through different combinations that way, from the artistic conception of poetry. Therefore, a generation of Oriental authority Arthur Waley that "image is the soul of poetry", China's Ming Dynasty Hu Yinglin also said: "poetry", for image ". In a sense, poem is image. Therefore, in terms of translation, translation and translation image. According to the nature and feature of image, the two image translation should also be the general theories of translation and translation of aesthetics, to achieve the ideal effect.
This paper begins with the concept of context. In the first part generally introduces the main content and purpose of writing. The second part discusses the concept and classification of context, context function and its effect on translation; analyzes the cultural context of the irreplaceable role in translation. In the third part, the author analyzes the Chinese Poetry in the image, because of language and cultural differences in the translation of poetry, convey and imagery, there are some untranslatable factors. And then analyzes the difficulties and problems existing in the translation of images. This paper describes the image of the untranslatable factors mainly reflected in the differences between western culture the Chinese in ancient poetry and poetry China unique aesthetic characteristics.
Although in poetry translation does exist some untranslatable factors, but the exchange and mutual influence between foreign and Chinese poetry, especially poetry translation event at the beginning of twentieth Century, is the fact that can not be ignored. Therefore, generally speaking, poetry is translatable. In the fourth part of this article on the translation of poetry imagery described in detail. This paper affirms the common semantic concept features of language, and explains that translation is the greatest for the original in the translated text is similar, there is no absolute equivalence. Then the development and meaning of Nida's functional equivalence theory is discussed, and combined with the viewpoint of cognitive metaphor theory to study deeply on the equivalent translation theory, using China poetry translation examples to discuss the application of translation equivalence in the translation of poetry image. Due to the aesthetic concept of image, this paper from the perspective of translation aesthetics of images The translation is discussed, put forward the conversion in poetry translation in the process of image process. In this process, the image conversion is based on the translation of the original poem on the overall experience, the overall experience was produced in the poet's life background and ideological culture, reflect on the understanding of the reconstruction and the role of translation in this paper. The analysis of the poetry imagery integration semantics, equivalence based aesthetic level, the translator and the author thought the consistency is the basis of translation and semantic integration. From the image on the basis of deep into the understanding and interpretation of the equivalent translation theory, in order to promote the development of the theory of equivalent translation in the theoretical level.
In a word, the image is the theme of poetry. Image translation can help the naturalness and harmony in poetry translation, also means that the effective communication of poetry training the whole aesthetic experience. With the world cultural exchanges are increasing and deepening, the poetry image under different cultural backgrounds are more and more easily by foreign readers understand and appreciate between different languages, translation of poetry can be realized. Only in translation to achieve the unified thought and aesthetic, the translation is successful.

【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I046;H059

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