解读乌托邦的两难困境

发布时间：2018-06-04 23:39

本文选题：乌托邦 + 希望　；参考：《郑州大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 对乌托邦的研究，前人已有太多研究论述，其中虽然褒贬不一，但平时提起时总是不乏那么一种“空想、不现实”的意思。追其由来，可能来自于莫尔的《乌托邦》中海市蜃楼的追求和世外桃源的梦境之说，由此也奠定了乌托邦虚无的根基，自然给贬抑者以可攻击的最原始的靶子。其实，，即便是莫尔的《乌托邦》也没有把乌托邦与空想等同起来，在乌有之乡的背后寄予着莫尔沉重的人文主义者的社会责任，《乌托邦》是莫尔及其时代人们共同的“乌托邦冲动”的体现。广义的“乌托邦”正是在此层面上认为“乌托邦”是人类天性中指向美好的希望意识。正因为这种乌托邦的希望意识，人类接受和改造着自然，以求获得更多的自由，因此他们会时时去追求前面的尚未得到的东西。人对梦想的追求，主观上是为了自由和解放，客观上却可能会给世界和他人带来难以想象的危机。客观的改变世界和主观上的征服自然相结合，客观上的征服人群实现个人价值和主观上的解放人类太过自负相联系，乌托邦在原初美好和现实灾难的尴尬中陷入困境。可是在这种尴尬的背后，人是否应该回思一下，这并不是乌托邦本身的原因，更多的是人类本身无法克服的性格特点在作祟，它变乌托邦的希望为乌托邦主义的专制，利用人向往光明的心理去实现自己的价值，乌托邦从而成为众矢之的。可是人类又离不开乌托邦，因为乌托邦与人天性中的不满足和希望相伴相生，由此乌托邦在现实存在中和人类的意识中陷入两难困境。
[Abstract]:There have been too many studies on Utopia, although there are different reviews and criticisms, there is always a "utopia, unrealistic" meaning when it is mentioned. The pursuit of Utopia may come from the pursuit of a mirage in Moore's Utopia and the theory of exotic dreams, which lays the foundation of Utopia's nihility, and naturally gives the derogator the most primitive target that can be attacked. In fact, even Moore's Utopia does not equate utopia with utopia. "Utopia" is the common "utopian impulse" of Moore and his time. On this level, Utopia in a broad sense is regarded as a good hope in human nature. As a result of this utopian sense of hope, humans accept and transform nature in order to gain more freedom, so that they will always pursue what is not yet available. People's pursuit of dreams is subjective for freedom and liberation, but objectively it may bring unimaginable crisis to the world and others. The combination of objective change of the world and subjective conquest of nature, objective conquest of the crowd to achieve personal value and subjective liberation of human beings is too conceited, Utopia in the original good and the embarrassment of reality disaster into a dilemma. But behind this embarrassment, whether one should think back, this is not the reason for utopia itself, but rather the insuperable character of mankind, which turns the hope of utopia into utopian despotism. Utopia has become a target for realizing one's worth by using one's yearning for light. However, human beings cannot leave Utopia, because Utopia is accompanied by discontentment and hope in human nature, so Utopia is in a dilemma in reality and human consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I0-02

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