托多洛夫对话批评理论研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 11:57

本文选题：托多洛夫 + “对话批评”　；参考：《广西师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 托多洛夫是法国著名的文学批评家之一,他受到过结构主义的深刻影响,二十世纪文学批评的多元化语境使他的思想发生了极大的转变,在对两种传统的文学批评----“教条论批评”和“内在论批评”进行批评的过程中,他形成了自己独特的批评思想,并提出了对话批评的理论。在进行了多年的结构主义研究并取得了颇有影响的成果以后,托多洛夫开始审视历史上曾经盛极一时的“教条论批评”和“内在论批评”。所谓“教条论批评”是指批评家用既定的一元思想来评价作品,指导作家的创作。在这种批评中,批评家的权威不受动摇,其批评是一种俯视的批评,作家是被指导的对象。托多洛夫批评了“教条论批评”只允许批评家的声音存在,造成了视角的单一、作家和读者对批评的远离,同时提出批评家对他人的无知把自己封闭在一个孤独的空间,对此,托多洛夫提出要发现他人,发现他人意味着批评家地位的改变和作者主体地位的恢复,也意味着使批评家从独白当中走出来,为“对话批评”作准备。所谓“内在论批评”是与“外在论批评”相对而言的、探究文学作品“自身的底蕴”的文学批评方式,形式主义、结构主义都属于“内在论批评”。“内在论批评”在将文学批评引向文学自身的同时过分强调作品的内在性,以作品为研究中心,造成了作家的独白、批评家的无语。为了打破这种局面,托多洛夫提出共同探索真理的原则,明确了批评家在批评的过程中与作家共同探索真理的状态。“探索”一词的使用,意在打破封闭性,把批评话语置于过程当中,而不是置于终点。托多洛夫认为超越“教条论批评”和“内在论批评”的这种批评方式可称之为对话批评。所谓对话批评是在当下多元化的语境下,文学批评家与作家之间、批评家与批评家之间、批评家与读者之间、批评家与作品之间围绕作品所发生的阐释与再阐释,与此同时,文学批评家、作家、读者在直接或间接的交锋中,在彼此相异思想的映照下,引发对自我、对他者的思考与评价,从而产生出更为合理、更为接近真理的思想。在破除批评权威以后,对话批评的参与者进行的是一场多声部的合奏、批评的狂欢,在不同声音的交织当中,每一个参与对话批评的成员都能够受到不同角度的启发,产生出更多的思考。对话批评是托多洛夫吸收了巴赫金的对话理论,在文学批评领域取得的成果,其出现具有历史必然性。对话批评对于文学批评克服既有的困境、消除不同理论之间的樊篱,对于超越文学的内部研究与外部研究都有重要的意义。此外,它对于中国文学批评的建设也具有重要的影响。
[Abstract]:Todolov is one of the famous French literary critics. He has been deeply influenced by structuralism. The pluralistic context of literary criticism in the 20th century has greatly changed his thoughts. In the process of criticizing two kinds of traditional literary critiques "dogmatic criticism" and "inner criticism", he formed his own unique critical thought and put forward the theory of dialogue criticism. After many years of structuralism research and influential achievements, Todolov began to examine the "dogmatic criticism" and "internal criticism" which were once the most popular in history. The so-called "dogmatic criticism" means that the critic evaluates the work and guides the writer's creation with the established monistic thought. In this kind of criticism, the authority of the critic is unshaked.Its criticism is a kind of overlooking criticism, and the writer is the object of instruction. Todolov criticizes "dogmatic criticism", which only allows the voice of the critic to exist, creates a single angle of view, the writer and the reader away from criticism, and at the same time points out that the critics' ignorance of others has closed themselves in a lonely space. Todolov puts forward that discovering others means changing the critic's status and restoring the author's subjective status, and it also means that the critic should come out of the monologue and prepare for "dialogue criticism". The so-called "internal criticism" is relative to "external criticism", and the way of literary criticism, formalism and structuralism belong to "internal criticism". "Inherent criticism" not only leads literary criticism to the literature itself, but also overemphasizes the internality of the works, taking the works as the research center, resulting in the monologue of the writer and the silence of the critics. In order to break this situation, Todolov puts forward the principle of exploring truth together, and clarifies the state in which critics and writers jointly explore truth in the process of criticism. The use of the word "exploration" is intended to break the closeness and place critical discourse in the process rather than at the end. Todolov thought that the way of transcending dogmatic criticism and inner criticism could be called dialogue criticism. The so-called dialogue criticism is the interpretation and reinterpretation around the works in the present pluralistic context, between literary critics and writers, between critics and critics, between critics and readers, and between critics and works. Literary critics, writers and readers in the direct or indirect confrontation, under the reflection of different ideas, lead to the thinking and evaluation of themselves and others, thus producing a more reasonable and closer to the truth thought. After breaking down the authority of criticism, the participants in dialogue criticism are engaged in a multi-part ensemble, a carnival of criticism. In the intertwined of different voices, each member participating in the dialogue and criticism can be inspired from different angles. Produce more thought. Dialogue criticism is a historical inevitability that Todolov absorbed Bakhtin's dialogue theory and made achievements in the field of literary criticism. Dialogue criticism is of great significance for literary criticism to overcome the existing difficulties, to eliminate barriers between different theories, and to transcend the internal and external studies of literature. In addition, it also has an important impact on the construction of Chinese literary criticism.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I06

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