纳博科夫文学批评研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 21:56

本文选题：纳博科夫 + 文学批评　；参考：《江西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：纳博科夫凭着在小说创作与文体创新上的贡献蜚声于20世纪的文坛，这位自认为自己是一个不善言谈的孩子的作家在艺术才华上兼具了小说家和批评家的优良品质。纳博科夫文学批评个性鲜明，他曾经毫不客气的表示过对萨特、佛洛依德、福克纳等人的轻蔑。他在批评中冲决一切“庸俗”氛围的理论勇气在批评的历史链条中写下了浓重一笔。相对于小说创作，纳博科夫在大量的批评文本中更为直接的显明了自己的文学观念或者说批评观念。纳博科夫将世界当做一部潜在的小说来阅读，真实世界中无时无刻不存在的虚幻性顿时暴露无遗，而小说世界中的虚构性便更毋庸置疑了，于是最上乘的小说都应该是“神话”，亦成为了无须讳言的事实。因而，纳博科夫文学批评不需要在艺术作品中做出面对人的生活世界的任何直接的实证性考察，，他的批评具有内部研究的特征。纳博科夫文学批评的创造性在于对批评对象的解读纳博科夫化：在《尼古拉·果戈理》之中，果戈理笔下的人物纷纷被绘制成了不同于往昔的另一幅画像；在对卡夫卡的小说人物格里高尔变形之后的状态的研究之后，他认真地反驳了有些注释家们说格里高尔变成了蟑螂的说法，他认为格里高尔变成的是一只甲壳虫；他很小的时候就是一个科学迷，在对福楼拜描写的布卢姆和代达勒斯相继所做的梦境的观测时，其精妙的程度好似一次精密的科学实验。当然，诸如此类创造性的批评方式在他的批评文本中不胜枚举。纳博科夫文学批评的创造性不仅仅体现在对小说人物的研究中，还体现在一切诸如小说的形式、结构、语言、技巧等批评可以涉及到的文学范畴之中。纳博科夫文学批评是一次又一次寻美的过程，他让批评富有细腻的质感之美，也让阅读批评文本的读者兴味盎然。他的批评实践方式统辖在自我的美学观念之下，具有批评实践方式的开放性。曾经有部分学者将纳博科夫的文学批评归类于新批评的具体实践，然而纳博科夫批评旨趣中有意无意反映出的人的存在意义则早已将他的批评剥离了一种简单的形式主义。因此，对纳博科夫批评文本的细致梳理，对于我们加深对纳博科夫文学批评思想的认识具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Nabokov is famous in the 20th century for his contributions to novel creation and stylistic innovation. The writer, who considers himself a child who is not talkative, has both the fine qualities of novelists and critics in his artistic talent. Nabokov's literary criticism has a distinctive personality, he has unceremoniously expressed contempt for Sartre, Freud, Faulkner and so on. His theoretical courage in criticizing all the vulgar atmosphere wrote a heavy stroke in the historical chain of criticism. Compared with the novel creation, Nabokov shows his literary ideas or critical ideas more directly in a large number of critical texts. Nabokov read the world as a potential novel, and the illusory nature of the real world was exposed all the time, and the fiction of the fictional world was even more indisputable. Therefore, the best novels are supposed to be myths and facts. Therefore, Nabokov's literary criticism does not need to make any direct empirical investigation in his works of art to face the life world of human being, and his criticism has the characteristics of internal research. The creativity of Nabokov's literary criticism lies in the interpretation of Nabokov: in Nikolai Gogol, Gogol's characters are drawn into another portrait which is different from the past; After studying Kafka's fictional character Gregory's metamorphosis, he seriously refuted some commentators' claim that Gregory had become a cockroach, and that he thought Gregore had become a beetle; He was a science fan when he was a very young man, and his observation of the dreams of Bloom and Dedalus described by Flaubert was as subtle as a sophisticated scientific experiment. Of course, creative forms of criticism such as these are innumerable in his critical text. The creativity of Nabokov's literary criticism is not only reflected in the study of novel characters, but also in all the literary categories such as the form, structure, language and skill of the novel. Nabokov's literary criticism is a process of searching for beauty again and again. His criticism practice is governed by his own aesthetic concept and has the openness of critical practice. Some scholars once classified Nabokov's literary criticism as the concrete practice of new criticism, but the existential significance of Nabokov's criticism, intentionally or unintentionally reflected in his purport, had already stripped his criticism of a simple formalism. Therefore, the careful combing of Nabokov's critical texts plays an important role in deepening our understanding of Nabokov's literary criticism.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I06

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