意识形态对中国翻译文学选材得影响（1898－1937）

发布时间：2018-07-15 15:25

【摘要】： 当今翻译研究的重心正在向语言外部研究偏移。这说明翻译过程中不仅要注重语言层面的转换,还要把其他因素,诸如译语语境中的文化、历史、审美价值观等考虑在内。许多西方学者都致力于翻译中的语言外部研究,勒费弗尔就是其中之一。勒费弗尔提出了四类操控文学翻译的因素:赞助人、诗学、论域以及意识形态。本文考察的重点是意识形态的操控。任何翻译活动皆是有原因的,或有一定的目的性、功利性,为特殊团体服务,为一政治目的服务,为一经济利益服务。翻译文本的选择很大程度上取决于译入语的意识形态,同时对意识形态的发展也有一定的影响。本文研究的是意识形态对1898至1937年间中国翻译文学选材的影响,分为两个阶段进行论述。第一个阶段是清末民初时期(1989-1919)。这一时期中国社会正经历着过渡性的大变迁。甲午战败,严重的民族危机激发起中国民众强烈的爱国热情。许多有识士要求学习西方,改良国家。在改良社会的这种社会意识形态影响下,外国小说作为改革政治的工具被大量引进。而其中政治小说、侦探小说和科幻小说,由于内容新颖,并能起到启迪民智的作用,备受青睐,构成晚清小说全体之关键。第二个阶段是五四时期(1920-1937)。当时中国社会经历了清政府灭亡,民国成立,五四运动等一系列变革,中国文学翻译出现了一次高潮。这次与俄罗斯解放运动紧密联系的俄国文学成了翻译的主流。十月革命让处在半殖民地半封建社会的中国知识分子看到曙光,开始了不同程度的意识形态转型。抱着“文学为人生”思想的文学研究会翻译了大量外国现实主义的作品,其中俄国作家作品成为主要的翻译对象,想通过对俄罗斯文学的译介探寻出中国前进的道路。同时,阶级的观点和中国处于帝国主义残酷压榨和侵略的现实让文学研究会的成员对被损害民族的文学开始密切关注。另一方面,主张“为艺术而艺术’,的创造社,着意翻译的是外国浪漫主义作家作品。这些都说明“五四’,后的文学翻译仍然是在不同意识形态的干预下筛选不同流派不同国别的作品翻译。从本文的论述我们可以看出,在上个世纪这个动荡的年代,由于特殊的政治需求,大量的外国文学涌入我国,然而由于不同的政治历史环境和意识形态的转变,这两个阶段所选择的外国作品又表现出各自的特点。通过这两个关键时期文学翻译的宏观对比,可以使我们进一步明确翻译研究的文化方向,明确翻译尤其是其选材其实不是一项单纯的工作,而是跟人的政治意识形态有着极密切的关系。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the focus of translation studies is shifting to external language studies. This shows that the translation process should not only pay attention to the language level, but also take into account other factors, such as culture, history and aesthetic values in the context of the target language. Lefevere is one of many western scholars devoted to the study of language externalities in translation. Lefevere proposes four factors that govern literary translation: patronage, poetics, discourse and ideology. The focus of this study is ideological manipulation. Any translation activity is for a reason, or has a certain purpose, utilitarianism, serves for a special group, serves for a political purpose, serves for an economic benefit. The choice of the translated text depends to a great extent on the ideology of the target language and also on the development of the ideology. This paper studies the influence of ideology on the selection of Chinese translation literature from 1898 to 1937, which is divided into two stages. The first stage was the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China (1989-1919). During this period, Chinese society is undergoing a great transition. The defeat of the Sino-Japanese War and the serious national crisis aroused the strong patriotic enthusiasm of the Chinese people. Many knowledgeable people want to learn from the West and improve their country. Under the influence of the social ideology, foreign novels were introduced into China as a political reform tool. Among them, political novels, detective stories and sci-fi novels, because of their novel content, and can serve as inspiration to the people, are favored, and constitute the key to the whole novels of the late Qing Dynasty. The second stage was the May 4th period (1920-1937). At that time, the Chinese society experienced a series of changes, such as the death of the Qing government, the founding of the Republic of China and the May 4th Movement, which brought a climax to the translation of Chinese literature. Russian literature, which is closely linked with the Russian Liberation Movement, has become the mainstream of translation. The October Revolution made the Chinese intellectuals in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society see the dawn and began the ideological transformation to varying degrees. The Literary Society with the idea of "Literature for Life" has translated a large number of foreign realistic works, among which Russian writers and works have become the main target of translation, in order to explore the way forward for China through the translation and introduction of Russian literature. At the same time, the view of class and the reality of imperialist oppression and aggression made the members of the Literary Society pay close attention to the literature of the damaged nation. On the other hand, the creative society which advocates "art for the sake of art" intends to translate the works of foreign Romantic writers. All these show that "the May 4th Movement", the post-literary translation is still under the intervention of different ideologies to screen the translation of works of different schools and different countries. From this discussion, we can see that in this turbulent era of the last century, due to special political needs, a large number of foreign literature poured into our country, but due to different political and historical environment and ideological changes, The foreign works selected in these two stages have their own characteristics. Through the macroscopic comparison of literary translation in these two critical periods, we can further clarify the cultural direction of translation studies and clarify that translation, especially its material selection, is not a simple task. But with people's political ideology has a very close relationship.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I206.5;I046

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