胡适文学美学思想初探

发布时间：2018-08-02 09:17

【摘要】：提到中国美学,很多人会自然地想到王国维、梁启超、蔡元培、朱光潜等大师。胡适是新文化运动的两大旗手之一,熟悉他历史考证工作成果的人很多,但他的美学思想一直为人所忽略。由于胡适没有地单独提出自己的美学体系,国内外关于胡适的美学研究可谓少之又少,但他的美学思想,却又确确实实地体现在对实际生活中的细微问题进行分析的过程中,故而在哲学层面上我们有了讨论的空间和视角。笔者将对胡适先生的美学思想进行深入研究,探讨胡适对于审美教育的独特理解,深入发掘胡适美学思想的价值。胡适生于徽州,四岁丧父,由母亲养大。徽州浓厚的文化氛围与胡母的宽容性格和重学意识,为他后来在学习上的坚韧和自强自立奠定了良好的基础。胡适性格善良随和、宽容谦逊,交友不分阶级,其求学路上四字箴言“勤、谨、和、缓”终生不忘。胡适的家庭教育、社会教育和自我教育,为他的平民化的美学思想打下了坚实的基础。经历过在美国的七年留学学习之后,胡适接受了重实验、重精细观察的实验主义哲学思想,这又催生了他的经验主义美学。他立足于现实生活中的人文关怀,通过实用主义美学与哲学,来审视和批判社会,以唤起人们对现代个体、对日常生活模式的批判意识,把实用主义美学升华到一个更高的境界。本文通过对胡适的诗歌美学、小说美学、戏剧美学以及其中所体现的美育思想的系统研究,总结出胡适美学思想的核心以及胡适新诗的审美标准,丰富了相关范畴的比较研究与阐释。胡适认为新诗的审美内涵在于说话明白清楚、材料有剪裁和意境平实三个层面。总体上看,胡适新诗的美学思想不仅仅是对美学”象”的继承,而且汲取了外国意象派养分。但胡适所追求的,并不是传统的枷锁,或是各门各派的条条框框,而是自然地表达内心所想。自然产生和谐,自然产生美；美在自然、朴素、不受束缚。他认为诗贵在创新,诗的通达、力量和美是他的审美尺度。他试图推翻一切束缚自由的桎梏,反对传统作诗风格,提倡白话入诗。胡适在美国留学的七年,使他能够用世界文学的视野,来给中国的诗歌进程寻找一条新的光明大道,其目光是敏锐而值得称赞的。胡适美学思想在小说考证中也不无体现。在对古典小说的考证中,胡适的美学思想体现在自然美(《老残游记》)、人体美(《镜花缘》)和形象美(《红楼梦》)三个方面。胡适的自然美观点(崇尚健康自然)、人体美观点(放天足)和形象美观点(艺术影像的形成需要真挚的情感和崇高的思想)对当时社会的审美观和美学意识的矫正起到了重要贡献。胡适为迎合本民族的审美习惯和审美的能力,曾将西方的话剧融进中国传统的戏剧之中,比如奠定中国话剧初期独幕剧形式的《终身大事》便是出自胡适之手。在《终身大事》的创作中,胡适抛弃了传统戏剧的繁琐套路,压缩了情节使得剧情十分简洁,舞台背景和道具也非常经济,戏剧形式自然活泼。胡适提出了“要经济”的戏剧美学原则,一度对中国戏剧影响很大。这也和他在新诗创作中反对繁琐镣铐的思想一脉相承。虽然胡适从未明确提出审美教育这个概念,但是他却被美的环境所包围,并且在他当校长之后,在各地的演讲中他也将自己的审美教育思想向大众传播。胡适以全新的实用主义美学原理解构传统教育方式,较传统的教育模式是具有超越之意的。他十分清楚美感的意义和价值,更注重的是“美感”与“济用”的统一。胡适身上来自中西文化传统的思想,在他的潜意识中指导他做事重实不务虚。然而学者的身份的局限性,导致他必然只能采取温和的改良措施,这也是他的局限性。本论文探讨了胡适对于审美教育的独特理解,丰富了相关范畴的比较研究与阐释,深入发掘了胡适美学思想的价值,对当代教育中的美育有着指导意义。
[Abstract]:In reference to Chinese aesthetics, many people will naturally think of Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei, Zhu Guangqian and other masters. Hu Shi is one of the two masters of the new cultural movement. Many people are familiar with the achievements of his historical examination work, but his aesthetic ideas have always been ignored. Because Hu Shi has not put forward his own aesthetic system, it is closed at home and abroad. Yu Hushi's aesthetic study is few and few, but his aesthetic thought is truly reflected in the analysis of the subtle problems in real life, so we have a discussion space and perspective on the philosophical level. The author will make a thorough study of Mr. Hu Shi's aesthetic ideas and discuss Hu Shi's aesthetic education. Hu Shi, born in Huizhou, was born in Huizhou, was born in Huizhou, was raised by his mother and raised by his mother. The strong cultural atmosphere of Huizhou and his mother's tolerant character and learning consciousness have laid a good foundation for his perseverance and self-reliance in his later studies. Hu Shi's kindness and kindness, tolerance and humility, and friends are not divided. Class, the four word Maxim on his way to study, "diligent, good, and slow" never forget. Hu Shi's family education, social education and self-education laid a solid foundation for his popular aesthetic thought. After seven years of studying in the United States, Hu Shi accepted the experimental philosophy of heavy experiment and meticulous observation. He gave birth to his empiricism aesthetics. Based on the humanistic care in real life, he examined and criticized the society through pragmatist aesthetics and philosophy to arouse people's critical consciousness of modern individuals, to the pattern of daily life, and to sublimate pragmatism aesthetics to a higher level.
Through the systematic study of Hu Shi's poetic aesthetics, novel aesthetics, drama aesthetics and aesthetic ideas embodied in it, this paper sums up the core of Hu Shi's aesthetic thoughts and the aesthetic standards of Hu Shi's new poetry, enriches the comparative study and interpretation of the related categories. Hu Shi believes that the aesthetic connotation of the new poem lies in the clear and clear language of the new poetry and the material of the new poetry. In general, the aesthetic thought of Hu Shi's new poetry is not only the inheritance of the aesthetic "image", but also the nourishment of the foreign Imagist school. But what Hu Shi pursues is not the traditional yoke or the rules of the various schools, but the natural expression of the inner thoughts. Nature produces harmony and natural production. Beauty is in nature, simple and unfettered. He thinks that poetry is valuable to innovation, poetry's accessibility, strength and beauty is his aesthetic criterion. He tries to overthrow all shackles of freedom, oppose traditional style of poetry, and advocate vernacular poetry. In the seven years of studying in the United States, Hu Shi can use the vision of world literature to look for the process of Chinese poetry. A new avenue of light is sharp and praiseworthy. Hu Shi's aesthetic thought is also reflected in the textual criticism. In the examination of classical novels, Hu Shi's aesthetic thoughts are embodied in the three aspects of natural beauty (< old remnants >), beauty of human body (< mirror edge >) and beauty of image ("the dream of Red Mansions >"). Hu Shi's view of natural beauty (advocating health) Nature), the view of the beauty of the human body and the beauty of the image (the formation of the artistic image needs sincere feelings and lofty ideas) has made an important contribution to the correction of the aesthetic and aesthetic consciousness of the society at that time. In order to cater for the aesthetic habits and aesthetic power of the nation, Hu Shi once melted Western dramas into Chinese traditional drama. In the creation of the event, Hu Shi abandoned the tedious routines of traditional plays, compressed the plot to make the plot very concise, the stage background and the props were very economical, and the dramatic form was natural. Hu Shi proposed a "economic" play. The aesthetic principle of drama once had a great influence on Chinese drama. It also came down in one continuous line with the idea that he opposed the tedious shackles in the creation of new poetry. Although Hu Shi never explicitly proposed the concept of aesthetic education, he was surrounded by the beauty of the environment, and after he was the principal, he also made his own aesthetic education in the speeches of the various places. Spreading to the public. Hu Shi deconstructs the traditional educational mode with the new pragmatist aesthetics principle, which is beyond the traditional educational model. He is very clear about the meaning and value of aesthetic sense and the unity of "aesthetic sense" and "economic use". Hu Shi's thought from the traditional Chinese and Western culture is guided by his subconscious mind. However, the limitations of his work, however, have led to his limitations. This paper discusses the unique understanding of Hu Shi's aesthetic education, enriches the comparative study and interpretation of the related categories, and deeply explores the value of Hu Shi's aesthetic thought, and makes a thorough study of the contemporary education. The aesthetic education is of guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I01

【共引文献】