《平家物语》与《三国演义》儒家文化之比较
发布时间:2018-08-02 08:59
【摘要】: 中日两国一衣带水。日本文化深受中国文化的泽被,特别是对儒家文化传统的吸收和改造,更是造就了日本对外来文化的“和魂汉才”接受方式的巨大成功。《三国演义》和《平家物语》是中日两国文学史上占有重要地位的伟大作品。二者对后世的影响广泛而深远。笔者将《三国演义》和《平家物语》放在儒家文化的背景共识下进行比较,通过对文化的考察和文本的细读,来分析其中的忠义观、天命观和女性观的异同。文章分三个部分来加以阐释: 第一部分:神道和魂与剑胆琴心。笔者分析了中国儒家文化在东传日本后,日本民族对儒家文化接受利用的发展脉络。在不同的选择下,日本民族选择了“和”作为民族文化的凝聚力核心,而中华民族则保持了“仁”作为民族文化的凝聚力核心。在这两种不同的核心中,又产生了不同的对忠义等其它儒家礼仪规范的态度,即和魂之忠与仁道之义。并从文本分析中加以辨析。这种“和”与“仁”的取舍,在文化上溯源,则是因为日本民族将儒家文化和日本民族的原始神道相结合产生的“和魂”意识,有了宗教信仰的成分;而中国则把儒家文化作为争得政治权力的工具,既是现实功利的追求,也是内圣外王与天人合一的儒家知识分子的终极理想。第二部分:盛者必衰与成王败寇。笔者从中日民族不同的天命观入手,分析了作品中对于英雄人物的塑造以及对英雄末路时的感受。并通过《平家物语》和《三国演义》在征兆与应验的描写上的差异,剖析中日民族对待成败的不同之处:日本民族总是充满盛者必衰的物哀情绪;中华民族多是成王败寇的乐天知命的乐观精神。第三部分:女性——政治的符码与人情的寄托。笔者考察了传统中中日两国对女性的不同态度。由于儒家文化的凝滞化,《三国演义》中的女性多是政治的存在,是男人进行权力斗争的工具和筹码,是男性忠义形象的陪衬同时也作为张扬忠义的标签,有时甚至是毫无感情的物化的存在。在日本则不同,由于神道文化的女性崇拜,《平家物语》中的女性是一种情感的存在。虽然也有儒家文化中三纲五常的影响,男性对女性表现轻视的态度,但总体上还是具人情的描写。这与中日文化中两性关系的文化的不同有极大的渊源。日本民族对两性、爱情的态度相对开放,而中国则相对保守。 通过这三部分的论述,笔者认为,同一文化在不同民族国家中的传承,在不同时期会发生不同的断裂和选择,从而对文化传统的积淀产生不同的导向。文化主导着文学发展的方向,同时文学也对文化的积淀和选择产生巨大的反作用。
[Abstract]:China and Japan have a narrow strip of water. Japanese culture is greatly influenced by Chinese culture, especially the absorption and transformation of Confucian cultural tradition. It is also a great success for Japan to accept the foreign culture. "Romance of the three Kingdoms" and "Pingjia Taurus" are great works in the history of Chinese and Japanese literature. The two have a wide and profound influence on later generations. The author compares the Romance of the three Kingdoms and the Pingjia Taurus under the background consensus of Confucian culture, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the views of loyalty and righteousness, destiny and women through the investigation of culture and the careful reading of the text. The article is divided into three parts to explain: the first part: Shinto and soul and heart. The author analyzes the development of the acceptance and utilization of Confucian culture in Japan after the spread of Chinese Confucian culture to Japan. Under different choices, the Japanese people chose "he" as the core of national culture cohesion, while the Chinese nation maintained "benevolence" as the core of national culture cohesion. In these two different cores, different attitudes to other Confucian rules of etiquette, such as loyalty and righteousness, have emerged, that is, the loyalty of the soul and the righteousness of benevolence. And from the text analysis to differentiate. The choice between "harmony" and "benevolence" was traced back to the source of culture because the Japanese people combined the Confucian culture with the primitive Shinto of the Japanese nation, and the consciousness of "harmony and soul" had the element of religious belief. China regards Confucian culture as a tool for gaining political power, which is not only the pursuit of practical utility, but also the ultimate ideal of Confucian intellectuals who are the internal, holy and external kings and the unity of heaven and man. The second part: the prosperous will decline and the king will lose. The author analyzes the portrayal of the hero and the feeling of the hero in his works from the different views on the destiny of the Chinese and Japanese nations. And through the difference in the description of signs and fulfillment between Pingjia Taurus and the Romance of the three Kingdoms, the paper analyzes the differences between the success and failure of the Chinese and Japanese ethnic groups: the Japanese nation is always full of the sentimental feelings of the prosperous and failing; Most of the Chinese nation is the optimistic spirit of success and defeat. The third part: women-the code of politics and the sustenance of human feelings. The author examines the traditional Chinese and Japanese attitudes towards women. Due to the stagnation of Confucian culture, most of the women in the Romance of the three Kingdoms are political, they are tools and chips for men to struggle for power, and they serve as a foil to the image of male loyalty and also serve as labels for promoting loyalty. Sometimes even the unsentimental materialization exists. In Japan, because of the worship of women in Shinto culture, the female is a kind of emotional existence. Although there is also the influence of the Confucian culture, men's attitude towards women is despised, but there is a general description of human feelings. This is different from the culture of gender relations in Chinese and Japanese culture. The Japanese people are relatively open to both sexes and love, while China is relatively conservative. Through the discussion of these three parts, the author thinks that the inheritance of the same culture in different national countries will break down and choose in different periods, thus producing different guidance to the accumulation of cultural tradition. Culture dominates the development of literature, and literature has a huge reaction to the accumulation and choice of culture.
【学位授予单位】:重庆师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2006
【分类号】:I0-03;I106.4
本文编号:2158916
[Abstract]:China and Japan have a narrow strip of water. Japanese culture is greatly influenced by Chinese culture, especially the absorption and transformation of Confucian cultural tradition. It is also a great success for Japan to accept the foreign culture. "Romance of the three Kingdoms" and "Pingjia Taurus" are great works in the history of Chinese and Japanese literature. The two have a wide and profound influence on later generations. The author compares the Romance of the three Kingdoms and the Pingjia Taurus under the background consensus of Confucian culture, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the views of loyalty and righteousness, destiny and women through the investigation of culture and the careful reading of the text. The article is divided into three parts to explain: the first part: Shinto and soul and heart. The author analyzes the development of the acceptance and utilization of Confucian culture in Japan after the spread of Chinese Confucian culture to Japan. Under different choices, the Japanese people chose "he" as the core of national culture cohesion, while the Chinese nation maintained "benevolence" as the core of national culture cohesion. In these two different cores, different attitudes to other Confucian rules of etiquette, such as loyalty and righteousness, have emerged, that is, the loyalty of the soul and the righteousness of benevolence. And from the text analysis to differentiate. The choice between "harmony" and "benevolence" was traced back to the source of culture because the Japanese people combined the Confucian culture with the primitive Shinto of the Japanese nation, and the consciousness of "harmony and soul" had the element of religious belief. China regards Confucian culture as a tool for gaining political power, which is not only the pursuit of practical utility, but also the ultimate ideal of Confucian intellectuals who are the internal, holy and external kings and the unity of heaven and man. The second part: the prosperous will decline and the king will lose. The author analyzes the portrayal of the hero and the feeling of the hero in his works from the different views on the destiny of the Chinese and Japanese nations. And through the difference in the description of signs and fulfillment between Pingjia Taurus and the Romance of the three Kingdoms, the paper analyzes the differences between the success and failure of the Chinese and Japanese ethnic groups: the Japanese nation is always full of the sentimental feelings of the prosperous and failing; Most of the Chinese nation is the optimistic spirit of success and defeat. The third part: women-the code of politics and the sustenance of human feelings. The author examines the traditional Chinese and Japanese attitudes towards women. Due to the stagnation of Confucian culture, most of the women in the Romance of the three Kingdoms are political, they are tools and chips for men to struggle for power, and they serve as a foil to the image of male loyalty and also serve as labels for promoting loyalty. Sometimes even the unsentimental materialization exists. In Japan, because of the worship of women in Shinto culture, the female is a kind of emotional existence. Although there is also the influence of the Confucian culture, men's attitude towards women is despised, but there is a general description of human feelings. This is different from the culture of gender relations in Chinese and Japanese culture. The Japanese people are relatively open to both sexes and love, while China is relatively conservative. Through the discussion of these three parts, the author thinks that the inheritance of the same culture in different national countries will break down and choose in different periods, thus producing different guidance to the accumulation of cultural tradition. Culture dominates the development of literature, and literature has a huge reaction to the accumulation and choice of culture.
【学位授予单位】:重庆师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2006
【分类号】:I0-03;I106.4
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 杜晓静;通过《平家物语》解读中世初期日本人的生死观[D];天津师范大学;2010年
,本文编号:2158916
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