自由哲学与文类规则:萨特文类观初探

发布时间：2018-08-06 11:02

【摘要】：萨特存在哲学以个人自由为核心,并以此推演独特的文学理论、文类思想。文学是对现实"处境"的浓缩与升华,文学比现实更具召唤自由的力量;文学创作和接受的审美属性是萨特自由哲学的典型缩影;作家、作品、读者三者关系是对萨特自由哲学中我与他人关系的绝妙演绎。文类思想作为其自由哲学的附着物,不仅体现为自由哲学的提倡吁求"自由剧""处境剧"等新型文类的诞生,也体现为以自由为标准,文类规则被视为对作家和读者自由的戕害而被划归文学异化的范畴,文类等级只有好与坏之分。反对以突出文类规则的作品局部观代替文学作品有机构成的意义整体性,则是对创作主体自由性、自觉性的间接张扬。此种特征亦与柏拉图、康德等哲人的文类思想存在模式如出一辙,差异在于,读者(他人)这一极支撑起了萨特存在哲学、文学理论及文类思想的精神之塔。
[Abstract]:Sartre's philosophy of existence takes individual freedom as the core, and deduces the unique literary theory and literary thought. Literature is the enrichment and sublimation of reality's "situation", and literature is more powerful than reality in calling for freedom; the aesthetic attribute of literary creation and acceptance is a typical epitome of Sartre's free philosophy; The relationship among readers is an excellent interpretation of the relationship between me and others in Sartre's philosophy of freedom. As an appendage to his philosophy of freedom, the thought of literature not only embodies the birth of new types of literature, such as "free drama" and "situation play", but also embodies the criterion of freedom. The rules of literary classification are regarded as the harm to the freedom of writers and readers and classified into the category of literary alienation. There are only good and bad categories of literary classification. It is an indirect publicity of the freedom and consciousness of the creative subject to oppose replacing the meaning integrity of the organic composition of the literary works with the partial view of the works which highlights the rules of literary works. This kind of characteristic is similar to Plato, Kant and other philosophers' existential mode of literary thought. The difference lies in the fact that the reader (other person) supports the spiritual tower of Sartre's existential philosophy, literary theory and literary thought.
【作者单位】：扬州大学;
【基金】：教育部全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资助项目(201010);教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”(NCET-12-0746) 江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD) 扬州大学“高端人才支持计划”项目
【分类号】：I0

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