刘熙载文艺美学思想研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 13:56

【摘要】： 刘熙载(1813—1881)是晚清著名学者、文艺理论家、教育家。他的著作涉及到文艺学、语言学、教育学、数学、天文学等方面,其中最为重要的是他在《艺概》和《游艺约言》等著作中阐述的文艺美学思想。本文尝试从文艺本质论、创作主体论、艺术表现论、艺术创新论和艺术鉴赏论五个方面,对刘熙载的文艺美学思想作整体把握。第一章艺术本体论。刘熙载首先提出了“艺者,道之形也”的命题,这一观点既融合了儒道两家的“道”“艺”观,同时又有更深刻的认识,他认为“道”与“艺”的关系乃是内容与形式的关系。其次,又提出了“诗为天人之合”的命题,把文学艺术的本质归结为审美客体与审美主体的统一。第二章创作主体论。刘熙载提出了“文,心学也”的命题,从而肯定了创作主体在文学艺术创作中的重要作用。他认为创作主体要想创作出优秀的文学艺术作品来,就必须提升自身的素质。论文主要从修德、养气、持志三个方面展开讨论和研究。对刘熙载把“诗品”与“人品”直接对等的做法提出质疑。第三章艺术表现论。刘熙载首先认识到文学艺术作品的构成规律,他提出了“不一”与“一”相辅成文的观点,认为任何作品都是“不一”与“一”的统一体。其次,他又认识到任何优秀文学艺术作品都是“意”与“法”的完美统一体。论文分别对“意”和“法”进行了展开讨论,特别是对文学艺术作品的章法结构展开了细致的研究。第四章艺术创新论。刘熙载首先提出了“文之道,时为大”的命题,注意到时间因素对文学艺术的影响。其次又提出了“善用古者能变古”的观点,强调创新不是要完全摒弃前人的成果,而是要在继承的基础上创新,以“用古”为手段,以“变古”为目的。再次,他又提出“阐前人所已发,扩前人所未发”的观点。最后,刘熙载还提出了具体的创新方法,论文主要谈论了“求异变”、“去陈言”、“识与力”、“想象”四种具体的创新方法。第五章艺术鉴赏论。刘熙载首先看到了读者在文学艺术的接受过程中并非是完全被动地,而是能动的参与。注意到接受主体会根据自身的喜好对作品进行选择接受,注意到读者的人生体验、心境等因素对于作品价值生成的关系。这其实已经接触到了西方接受美学的实质。其次,刘熙载提出了“颂其诗,贵知其人”的鉴赏方法,论文在讨论这一问题时在肯定其合理性的基础上,又指出了这种鉴赏方法的局限性。
[Abstract]:Liu Xizai (1813-1881) is a famous scholar, literary theorist and educator in late Qing Dynasty. His works relate to literature and art, linguistics, education, mathematics, astronomy and so on. This paper attempts to grasp Liu Xizai's literary and artistic aesthetics from five aspects: the essence of literature and art, the subject of creation, the theory of artistic expression, the theory of artistic innovation and the theory of art appreciation. The first chapter is art ontology. Liu Xizai first put forward the proposition of "the artist, the form of Tao", which not only merges the view of "Tao" and "art" of Confucianism and Taoism, but also has a deeper understanding. He thinks that the relationship between "Tao" and "art" is the relationship between content and form. Secondly, it puts forward the proposition that "poetry is the union of heaven and man", which ascribes the essence of literature and art to the unity of aesthetic object and subject. The second chapter is about the subject of creation. Liu Xizai put forward the proposition of "Wen and Xin Xue", thus affirming the important role of creative subject in literary and artistic creation. He believes that if the creative subject wants to create excellent works of literature and art, he must improve his own quality. The thesis mainly discusses and studies from three aspects of moral, nourishing qi and keeping aim. Liu Xizai's direct equivalence of poetry and character is questioned. The third chapter is the theory of artistic expression. Liu Xizai first realized the law of the composition of literary and artistic works, and put forward the viewpoint that "different" and "one" were supplemented by writing, and that any work was a unity of "different" and "one". Secondly, he realized that any excellent works of literature and art are the perfect unity of meaning and law. The thesis discusses "Yi" and "Law", especially the structure of literature and art works. The fourth chapter is about artistic innovation. Liu Xizai first put forward the proposition that "the way of literature is great when time is great", and paid attention to the influence of time factor on literature and art. Secondly, the author puts forward the viewpoint that "those who make good use of the ancient times can change the past", emphasizing that innovation is not to abandon the achievements of the predecessors completely, but to innovate on the basis of inheritance, to use the ancient as a means, and to "change the past" as the purpose. Thirdly, he put forward the viewpoint of expounding what the predecessor had and expanding the former. Finally, Liu Xizai also puts forward the concrete innovation method, the paper mainly discusses four kinds of concrete innovation methods: "seeking for difference and change", "going to make a statement", "knowledge and power", "imagination". Chapter V: art appreciation. Liu Xizai first saw that readers' acceptance of literature and art is not completely passive, but active participation. It is noted that the subject chooses to accept the work according to his own preference, and notes the relationship between the reader's life experience, mood and other factors on the creation of the value of the work. In fact, it has already come into contact with the essence of western receptive aesthetics. Secondly, Liu Xizai puts forward the appreciation method of "praise its poem, you know its people", and the paper points out the limitation of this appreciation method on the basis of affirming its rationality.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I206.2

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