莎士比亚双关语的翻译

发布时间：2019-01-19 14:49

【摘要】： 双关语在文学中的应用可以上溯到两千年前,到今天仍被广泛地运用于各种文学题材当中。双关语的翻译历来困难,有人甚至认为它是不可译的。本文以描述性研究方法为指导,尝试对莎士比亚戏剧中双关语的翻译进行分析,进而总结出一套有效的翻译方法。语言文化是文化的重要分支之一。每一种语言都是在经历了长期的演变之后才形成了一整套包括发音、词汇、语法、修辞等在内的体系。这些都为每一种语言赋予了独特的色彩。语言差异常常存在于上述的诸多方面之中,这不可避免地导致翻译当中的各种空缺现象。许多修辞手段如双关等都会造成翻译上的困难,这是由它们各自所体现出的文化和语言特征决定的。双关语是利用一个词的不同意义或几个不同意义的词的相同或相似发音来造成特殊的修辞效果。由于发音或词义方面的对应空缺,原文中的双关语翻译到译文中时往往会失去双关语的效果,而这正是双关语翻译中的普遍现象。因此,双关语的翻译被许多人认为是相当困难的。只要语言和文化差异存在,翻译中的障碍就不会消除。我们承认这一点并不意味着我们对双关语的翻译抱悲观态度,事实上,双关语的不可译性中都包含着相对的可译性。作为翻译工作者,我们可以采用各种技巧和方法对其双关意义进行再现和补偿。换言之,不可译性是相对的,而可译性是绝对的。双关语翻译的困难首先存在于译者对双关语的认定。从认定某个双关语的意义到决定将其双关意义翻译出来的过程中,译者的语言能力、审美情趣、翻译观等问题都得到了彰显。在双关语的翻译中,有少量例证说明,当原文直接翻译成译文时,会出现一个相应的双关语。这是由于在原文和译文当中出现了发音或词义方面的偶合现象,而这种现象在双关语的翻译中显然是不多见的。我们也常常会看到这种情况,即译者在译文中用另一个双关语来取代原文中的双关语。在这种情况下,原文中的所指意义也许会有部分损失,但语用意义和言内意义被恰当地传达了。这种情况需要译者具有娴熟地驾驭原文和译文两种语言的能力,以及在翻译中的灵感和创造性工作。在许多情况下,双关语翻译中言内意义是难以传达的。如果有可能,译者可以采用其它的修辞手段对双关语的言内意义进行补偿。这也是双关语翻译中常用的方法。编辑手段也是双关语翻译中常常采取的一种方法。通过序跋、注释等手段对原文信息进行补充说明。但是应当说明的是,编辑手段只是双关语翻译时不得已而采用的一种辅助手段,太多的注释会影响读者的阅读兴趣和连贯性,从而使双关语所特有的幽默、智慧或讽刺意味大打折扣。翻译是一种遗憾的艺术,译者一方面追求完美的翻译作品,另一方面却不得不因为文化或语言等诸多方面的因素而做出种种让步。我们每一个翻译工作者都应该提高自己在语言文化上的素质修养,并结合翻译实践不断提高翻译技巧,以期奉献出更好的翻译作品。
[Abstract]:The application of Shuguan in literature can be traced back to the two thousand years, and it is still widely used in various literary subjects. The translation of pun is always difficult, and some people even think it is untranslatable. This paper, by means of descriptive research, tries to analyze the translation of pun in Shakespeare's plays, and then summarizes a set of effective methods of translation. The language culture is One of the important branches of culture. Each language forms a whole set of words, including pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, after long-term evolution The system of rhetoric and so on. These are each kind of language. The language difference is often found in the above-mentioned aspects, which inevitably leads to translation Many of these rhetorical devices, such as double-pass, can create difficulties in translation, which are reflected in their respective languages The same or similar pronunciation of a word that uses a different meaning or a few different meanings of a word. As a result of the corresponding vacancy in pronunciation or word meaning, the effect of the pun is often lost in the translation of the pun in the original text into the translation, which is the two-off. As a result, the translation of pun is much more common. People think it's quite difficult. As long as the language and the obstacles in the translation are not eliminated. We acknowledge that this does not mean that we are pessimistic about the translation of the pun, in fact, As a translator, we can use each of the two languages. The technique and method of reproducing and compensating the meaning of its pun. The untranslatability is relative, and the translation is absolute. The difficulty of the translation of the pun is first found in the translator's determination of the pun. In the process, the translator's language ability, the aesthetic taste, the translation view and so on have been highlighted. In the translation of the pun, there is a small number of explanatory notes. When the original text is translated directly into the translated text, a corresponding pun will appear. This is due to the translation of the original text and the translation. The phenomenon of the coupling between the pronunciation or the meaning of the meaning of the word has appeared in the text, and this phenomenon is obviously rare in the translation of the pun. We also often see this situation, that is, the translator is replaced by another pun in the translation In this case, there may be some loss in the meaning of the original text, but the meaning of the pragmatic meaning and the meaning of the word are just changed. Local communication. This requires the translator to master the original and the original. The ability of both languages, as well as inspiration and creative work in translation. in many case, that translation of the pun The meaning of the words is difficult to convey. If possible, the translator can Using other rhetorical devices to compensate for the meaning of pun This is also a common method in the translation of pun. The means of editing is also a method that is often taken in the translation of pun. It is only a kind of auxiliary means to be used as a last resort in the translation of pun, so much of the annotation will affect the reader's reading interest and coherence, so that the humor peculiar to the pun The translation is a regrettable art, and the translator, on the one hand, seeks the perfect translation and, on the other hand, has to be
【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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