论海明威与三岛由纪夫创作死亡主题的不同

发布时间：2018-01-13 17:15

本文关键词：论海明威与三岛由纪夫创作死亡主题的不同　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海明威和三岛由纪夫是20世纪东西方文坛上的两位重要作家。他们虽然都极力关注死亡主题,但有很大不同。海明威对死亡的探究可以相应地分为三个阶段：早期,海明威对死亡是好奇,困惑。最初他对死亡充满了孩童般的天真无邪,在其死亡初探《印第安营地》中,主人公自认为“永远不会死”；但现实的残酷摧毁了他最初的战争理想主义,对死亡的天真转而变成了对生与死的迷惘和困惑,如《永别了,武器》、《太阳照常升起》。中期,战争既褪去了海明威对死亡的天真,也褪去了他对死亡的迷惘与困惑。他发现,躲避死亡,一味地追求虚无是无意义的。他开始接受死亡,并探求一种新生。在《乞力马扎罗山上的雪》中,海明威终于发现：一个人肉体的死亡与精神的死亡是两个截然不同的概念,他作品中的主人公开始寻求精神的不死,最终在《丧钟为谁而鸣》完成了这一探索。后期,海明威看到：在人类与自然的战斗中,人永远是失败者,人类是无法征服死亡的。但人类可以从精神上战胜死亡,实现精神的永恒。在《老人与海》中,海明威对生死表现出超然的态度和达观的境界。他坚定的认为,每个人都应该勇敢地直视死亡,克服对死亡的恐惧,以最大限度地实现生命的价值。这时期海明威已经可以站在悲剧美的高度去审视死亡。他认为死亡必须是壮美与尊严的体现。三岛由纪夫对死亡的执意追求也经历了三个阶段：早期,三岛把死看成是一种美,他和他作品中的人物对死亡都是一种“浪漫的向往”。他笔下的死亡是一种“澄明的美”,散发着香味,他作品中的死亡描写虽然暴戾但不残酷,如《金阁寺》。中期,三岛开始将他的政治观赋予文学实践。这一时期三岛作品中的死亡主题被染上浓厚的政治色彩,他认为人生的极致就是为天皇而死,如《忧国》等作品。后期,三岛由纪夫把他的美学观、文学观和政治观都集于《丰饶之海》,想借助佛家的“轮回转生”,对他一生的追求做个总结。可事实上,因为思想的混乱,三岛在这部作品的后半部分显示出了无力,最后自己否定作品中人物三次转生的意义。三岛由纪夫的这一否定即是对他一生追求的否定。海明威对死亡的探索经历了困惑——坦然接受——超越的过程,这既是死亡认识上的提高,也是战胜死亡的精神升华；三岛由纪夫对死亡的阐释经历了为美而死——为天皇而死——虚无之死,三岛误入歧途,只能使他的文学之路越走越窄,最终虚无。海明威对死亡的阐释经受住了时间的考验,成为人类对抗不幸和死亡的精神支柱；而三岛由纪夫的死亡观则从始至终受到争议,谁也没有办法给他一个稳固的正身。
[Abstract]:Hemingway and Yukio Mishima are two important writers in the eastern and Western literary circles in the twentieth Century. They are both highly concerned about the theme of death, but they are very different.
Hemingway on the death of the inquiry can be divided into three stages: the early death of Hemingway, is curious and confused. He initially to death full of childlike innocence, on the death of "Indian camp", the protagonist that "will never die"; but the cruel reality destroyed him first the war of idealism, on the death of innocent turned into the life and death of confusion and confusion, such as "farewell to arms", "the sun also rises. The middle, the war is lost on the death of Hemingway also lost his innocence, disorientation and confusion of death. He found that to avoid a death. The pursuit of nothingness is meaningless. He began to accept death, and to explore a new life. In" the snows of Kilimanjaro ", Hemingway finally found that person's physical death and spiritual death are two distinct concepts in his works The immortal hero began to seek spirit, finally in "for whom the bell tolls on completion of this exploration. Later, Hemingway see: in human and nature in the fight, people will always be a loser, humans are unable to conquer death. But human beings can conquer death from the spirit, the spirit of the eternal. In" the old man and the sea, Hemingway on the death shown aloof and philosophical attitude. He firmly believes that everyone should be brave to face death, to overcome the fear of death, in order to maximize the value of life. During this period, Hemingway has the beauty of tragedy can stand in the height to look at death. He believes that death must be magnificent and dignity.
On the death of Yukio Mishima pursued, has gone through three stages: early stage, Mishima put the dead as a kind of beauty, and his characters in his works are a "romantic longing for death. His death is a" clear beauty ", exudes the fragrance, in his works the description of death although violent but not cruel, such as" the temple of the Golden Pavilion. The mid, Mishima began his political view of literary practice. During this period, the theme of death in Mishima's works were infected with strong political color, he thought that life is the ultimate die for the emperor, his other works such as < >. Later, Yukio Mishima his aesthetics, literary and political views are set in < > to the sea of fertility, with the aid of Buddhism "reincarnation", make a summary of his life pursuit. In fact, because of the confusion of thoughts, Mishima in the second half of this work shows weakness, the most After he denied the characters in the works for three times. The significance of this reincarnation is the negation of the negation of Yukio Mishima's pursuit of his life.
Hemingway experienced confusion -- accept -- beyond the process of the exploration of death, this is the death of knowledge improvements, but also overcome the death spiritual sublimation; Yukio Mishima's explanation of death had died for beauty - - nothing to die for the emperor's death, the three islands have gone astray, can only make his literature increasingly narrow path finally, nothing. Hemingway's explanation of death has withstood the test of time, become a spiritual prop against misfortune and death; and Yukio Mishima's concept of death is always controversial, there is no way to give him a solid body.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：I106.4;I0-03

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