文学翻译中的文化对等

发布时间：2018-01-13 18:13

本文关键词：文学翻译中的文化对等　出处：《上海海运学院》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 语言是文化交流的载体和工具。语际间的翻译是跨文化交际的一个重要课题。然而，在文化趋同的过程中，不同的文化观念，文化背景之间不可避免地会发生局部的交叉、碰撞和冲突，从而给语言的翻译带来种种障碍和困难，也给跨文化交流带来了困难，有时甚至会导致交际完全中断。文学翻译由于其文本的富含文化因素的特殊性，成了翻译理论研究者的一个重要课题。由于英汉两语之间文化真空的存在，英汉翻译，尤其是英汉文学翻译之间的完全对等是不存在的。此观点已经被国内外翻译界广泛认可，并大量论证。本文试图从严复传统的“信，达，雅”三字理论出发，，结合Nida的功能对等理论以及Peter Newmark的交际翻译理论，得出以下结论：只要通过认真研究文学翻译，相对的对等在如下层次(1)词语层次(2)单句层次(3)段落层次(4)语篇层次也可获得。但是，译者不应该回避：有的文化差异确实无法弥补，但可通过一些补偿手段(诸如加脚注等)获得对等。本文共分5个部分，第一章，文学翻译与文化。通过定义文学翻译的性质，文化从而提出评判文学翻译工作者的目标应该是完成在不同语言间的文化传递，最大程度使读者接受外来文化。第二章，翻译中的对等理论。试图从严复传统经典的“信，达，雅”三字翻译着手，结合奈达的功能对等理论以及纽马克的交际翻译理论，提出本论文的理论基石，即文化对等理论。并认为通过认真研究比较，文学翻译中的对等可从以下四个层次取得：(1)词语(2)单句(3)段落(4)语篇。第三章，不同层次的文化对等。从词语，单句，段落，语篇四个层次分析，通过实例说明可获得文学翻译中的文化对等。在词语层次，从音，形，义三个角度分析；而单句层次侧重句法和修辞角度分析；段落层次的分析则根据不同的文体；最后的篇章则取了几个翻译文学的经典范例，通过对它们的综合分析得出结论：篇章层次的文化对等是很难但可以获取的，这种对等是所有译者将孜孜追求的目标。第四章，文学翻译方法与评判标准。总结文学翻译的两大方法直译和意译，建议译者采取两者结合的灵活方式。指明文学翻译的趋势是从归化走中文摘要向异化。结论部分提出文学翻译的评判标准，指出译者努力追求的方向是应该做一个真正的文化人。
[Abstract]:Language is the carrier and tool of cultural communication. Interlingual translation is an important issue in cross-cultural communication. However, in the process of cultural convergence, different cultural concepts. Inevitably, there will be some intersections, collisions and conflicts between cultural backgrounds, which will bring all kinds of obstacles and difficulties to the translation of languages, and also bring difficulties to cross-cultural communication. Sometimes it can even lead to complete disruption of communication. Due to the particularity of literary translation, which is rich in cultural factors, literary translation has become an important topic for translation theorists. Due to the existence of a cultural vacuum between English and Chinese, English-Chinese translation has become an important part of literary translation. In particular, the complete equivalence between English and Chinese literary translation does not exist. This view has been widely accepted by the translation community at home and abroad, and a large number of arguments. Combined with Nida's functional equivalence theory and Peter Newmark's communicative translation theory, the following conclusions can be drawn: we should study literary translation carefully. The relative equivalence can also be obtained at the following levels: 1) lexical level / 2) single sentence level / 3) paragraph level / 4) discourse level. However, translators should not avoid: some cultural differences can not be bridged. But reciprocity can be obtained through some means of compensation (such as adding footnotes, etc.). This paper is divided into five parts. Chapter one, Literary Translation and Culture, defines the nature of literary translation. Culture therefore suggests that the goal of judging literary translators should be to achieve cultural transmission between different languages and to make readers accept foreign cultures to the greatest extent. Chapter two. This paper attempts to put forward the theoretical foundation of this thesis by combining Nida's functional equivalence theory and Newmark's communicative translation theory. That is, the theory of cultural equivalence. Through careful study and comparison, the author holds that equivalence in literary translation can be obtained from the following four levels. Cultural equivalence at different levels. From the four levels of word, single sentence, paragraph, text analysis, it is illustrated that cultural equivalence in literary translation can be obtained by examples. At the word level, it is analyzed from the three angles of sound, form and meaning; On the other hand, the level of single sentence focuses on syntactic and rhetorical analysis. The analysis of paragraph level is based on different styles. The final text takes several classic examples of translated literature and concludes that cultural equivalence at the textual level is difficult to obtain but can be obtained through a comprehensive analysis of them. This equivalence is the goal that all translators will pursue diligently. Chapter 4th, Literary Translation method and judgment Standard. Summarize the two main methods of literary translation: literal translation and free translation. It is suggested that translators should adopt a flexible way of combining the two approaches. It is pointed out that the trend of literary translation is to move from naturalization to naturalization. Chinese abstract The conclusion part puts forward the criterion of literary translation and points out that the translator should do what he is trying to do. A real cultural man.
【学位授予单位】：上海海运学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：I046

【引证文献】