论杜夫海纳、布莱的文学批评现象学

发布时间：2018-01-21 04:57

本文关键词： 杜夫海纳布莱文学批评现象学回到作品两个意识的重合　出处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：虽然杜夫海纳将批评家的使命设定为三点:说明、解释与判断,但他对后两点却加以了极度的贬抑,在杜夫海纳的理论中,艺术作品具有一种对于作者、表演者与欣赏者的超凌性,大家一起臣伏于它。与杜夫海纳以现象学理论来要求批评家不同的是,布莱直接就是以现象学来从事文学批评的,他对文学批评的定义是,意识的意识;他认为,阅读行为是读者的意识和作者的意识的重合。他将作品分为三个层次,这三个层次是精神对于形式与物质的解脱过程。他对于文学体裁的否定,更是大大超过杜夫海纳。两人采用的都是现象学理论,但杜夫海纳依据的是回到实事的原则,布莱遵循的是研究作为纯粹现象的意识的要求。现象学批评是一种意识批评,结构主义旨在探索事物的深层结构,因此,当结构主义兴盛后,它同现象学就产生了冲突。与杜夫海纳的调和态度不同,布莱对结构主义采取了激烈的否定态度,但两人都看到了结构主义对于现象学批评的好处。这表明不同思潮之间的关系是复杂的。现象学批评,明确排斥对作品进行外部的社会学的、历史学的研究,它的目标虽十分有限,却难以实现;他给予批评家的地位相当低,这与其让作品存在的要求之间存在着深刻的悖论。然而,现象学的批评主张,对于避免批评家的任意诠释及保护创作中的创新是有益的,从而有利于作品特殊风格、独特境界的展示与艺术世界多样性的呈现。
[Abstract]:Although Dufheiner sets his critics' mission as three: explanation, explanation and judgment, he detracts the latter two points extremely. In Dufheiner's theory, there is a kind of works of art for the author. The superfluous nature of performers and appreciators is a common subject to it. Unlike Dufainer's phenomenological theory, Bly is directly engaged in literary criticism by phenomenology. His definition of literary criticism is the consciousness of consciousness; He holds that reading behavior is the coincidence of the reader's consciousness and the author's consciousness. He divides the works into three levels, which are the process of spiritual liberation from form and material, and his negation of literary genre. They both adopted phenomenological theories, but Dufheiner was based on the principle of returning to reality. What Bly follows is the study of consciousness as a pure phenomenon. Phenomenological criticism is a kind of conscious criticism. Structuralism aims to explore the deep structure of things, so when structuralism flourishes. It conflicts with phenomenology. In contrast to Dufheiner's conciliatory attitude, Bly takes a fierce negative attitude towards structuralism. But both men see the benefits of structuralism for phenomenological criticism, which shows that the relationship between different trends of thought is complex. Phenomenological criticism explicitly excludes the study of external sociological, historical studies of works. Its goals, though very limited, are difficult to achieve; There is a profound paradox between his low status for critics and the requirements for the existence of his works. However, the phenomenological criticism claims. It is beneficial to avoid the arbitrary interpretation of the critics and protect the creation of innovation, which is conducive to the special style of the work, the display of unique realm and the diversity of the artistic world.
【作者单位】：苏州大学文学院;
【分类号】：I06
【正文快照】： 一虽然读者、欣赏者对于艺术作品的阅读或欣赏,往往也包含一种文学的或艺术的批评成分在内,然而,批评家对于艺术作品的批评还是构成了一个专有的领域,它和艺术的关系与艺术和公众的关系,仍然是不同的论题。杜夫海纳在《审美经验现象学》中似乎只有一次谈到批评家的职责,①但

【共引文献】