中诗英译：理论与实践

发布时间：2018-01-21 11:50

本文关键词： 中诗英译理论实践　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2002年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 翻译是文化交流重要的媒介，随着新世纪中外文化与文学交流的频繁和深入，它的重要性也会与时俱增。翻译研究也变成了当前比较文学研究的一个重要课题。中国的翻译活动有两千年历史，但把它当作一个专门的学科，则为时未久。为中国古典诗歌的外译和传播做出了卓越的贡献的中国学者多半是在翻译实践的同时，或发表个人的见解，或与西方汉学家的译例进行对比和评鉴，而几乎没有比较系统、比较深入的理论著作。西方学者由于“文化身份”的特殊，他们在翻译中诗的过程中，往往能顾及西方当时的理论背景和文化思潮，并兼顾西方读者的接受心理和语言习惯，而创造性地处理译作。因此，，他们的翻译史具有独特的艺术价值。本文在中诗英译实践的基础上，进而系统而深入地探讨有关诗歌可译度的问题，包括翻译原则、翻译类型等方面；并试图超越传统的翻译理论，结合新兴的句法理论、文化理论、读者反应理论等，来探讨译诗的可读性问题，包括翻译方法、译者理论等方面。本文一面借鉴西方，一面结合中国译论，力求中西互补、互阐；而且在进行理论考察的同时，从文学和文化层次探讨了译诗的技巧与规律，以增强翻译理论的可操作性。首先本文力求全面地考察了国内外总体翻译的原则，梳理了由指导实践的应用研究向纯学术研究的发展过程；总结了中、西学者对中诗英译原则的具体研究，中国译者以许渊冲和翁显良为代表，他们注重原诗意蕴的保全；而西方译者以翟理思、庞德和韦利三位大家为代表，他们或鲜明或潜在地提出了中诗英译的原则，注重译诗的内容和形式，注重读者的接受。因此，西方译者的观点弥补了中国译论的不足。其次本文在前人研究的基础上，将翻译类型按照内容与形式分别划分成三类。集中探讨了直译与意译、韵体与散体之争，承认拟作与自由体的独特价值，认为它们是翻译类型的不可或缺的一部分；比较客观地评价了各种类型的利弊，得出翻译类型与时俱进、互补兼用的结论。同时从研究的宏观与微观的角度，区别了翻译类型和翻译方法。第三本文尝试归纳了中诗英译的翻译方法，按照词法和句法二个层次，探索了运用基本翻译方法的具体情况。并且试图为这些翻译方法做出界定；同时在修辞方面也总结了一定的译法。最后本文探讨了译者理论。首先总结了译者的知识素养，包括语言、文学和文化知识三方面的素养；还描述了译者在艺术创造和欣赏过程中的作用，包括译者与作者、读者的关系；最后分析了译者在整个文化之中的身份，提出理想的译者应学贯中西。希望本文能对今后中诗英译的研究有所助益。
[Abstract]:Translation is an important medium for cultural exchange, with the frequent and in-depth cultural and literary exchanges between China and foreign countries in the new century. Its importance will also increase with time. Translation studies have become an important subject in current comparative literature studies. Translation activities in China have a history of two thousand years, but they are regarded as a specialized subject. Most of the Chinese scholars who have made outstanding contributions to the translation and dissemination of Chinese classical poetry are both in translation practice and in expressing their personal opinions. Or to compare and evaluate the translation cases of western sinologists, but there are almost no systematic and in-depth theoretical works. Western scholars, because of their special "cultural identity", are in the process of translating poetry. Therefore, their translation history is of unique artistic value because it can take into account the theoretical background and cultural trend of thought at that time, as well as the receptive psychology and language habits of western readers. On the basis of the practice of translating Chinese poems into English, this paper systematically and deeply discusses the problems of poetry translatability, including translation principles, translation types and so on. It also attempts to explore the readability of translated poems, including translation methods, by combining new syntactic theories, cultural theories and reader response theories. On the one hand, this thesis draws lessons from the West, and on the other hand, combines the Chinese translation theory and the Chinese translation theory in an effort to complement and expound each other. In order to enhance the maneuverability of translation theory, this paper probes into the techniques and rules of poetry translation from the literary and cultural levels. First of all, the thesis tries to make a comprehensive study of the principles of translation at home and abroad, and combs the development process from practical applied research to pure academic research. This paper summarizes the specific studies of Chinese and Western scholars on the principles of translating Chinese poetry into English. The Chinese translators are represented by Xu Yuanchong and Weng Xianliang, who pay attention to the preservation of the meaning of the original poem. The western translators are represented by Zhai Les, pound and Willie. They either explicitly or potentially put forward the principles of translating Chinese poetry into English, pay attention to the content and form of translation, and pay attention to the acceptance of readers. The western translators' views make up for the deficiency of Chinese translation theory. Secondly, on the basis of previous studies, this paper classifies translation types into three categories according to their content and form, focusing on literal translation and free translation, and the contention between rhyme and prose. To recognize the unique value of fiction and free body as an indispensable part of translation; This paper objectively evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of various types of translation and draws the conclusion that translation types keep pace with the times and complement each other. At the same time, the author distinguishes translation types and translation methods from the macro and micro perspectives of the study. Third, this paper attempts to summarize the translation methods of Chinese poetry into English, explores the specific situation of applying basic translation methods according to lexical and syntactic levels, and tries to define these translation methods. At the same time, it sums up some translation methods in rhetoric. Finally, this paper discusses the translator's theory. Firstly, it summarizes the translator's knowledge literacy, including language, literature and cultural knowledge. It also describes the role of the translator in the process of artistic creation and appreciation, including the relationship between the translator, the author and the reader; Finally, the author analyzes the identity of the translator in the whole culture, and points out that the ideal translator should learn from the Chinese and the Western. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the future study of the translation of Chinese poetry into English.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：I046

【引证文献】