从功能语法的角度评析红楼梦中对话的英译文

发布时间：2018-01-23 19:39

本文关键词： 功能语法人际元功能话语的基调人际语法成分话语对比、评价《红楼梦》　出处：《山西大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文的理论基础是功能语言学。功能语言学作为当今语言研究的两大分支之一，经过近半个世纪的历程，具有自己完整的思想系统和理论模式，例如它的纯理功能思想，层次思想，系统思想。文章主要从三大语言元功能，即概念功能，人际功能和语篇功能中的人际功能入手。人际功能是用来反映人与人之间的关系，如或是对话轮(turning-talking，指讲话的轮次)的选择做出规定，或是对事物的可能性和出现的频率表示自己的判断和估测，或是反映说话人与听话人之间的社会地位和亲疏关系。功能语法认为语言的三大功能都有与自己相匹配的语法成分，其中，语气系统，情态系统和评价系统等是用来表达人际功能的。不可否认语言总是在一定的交际环境中使用的，分析语言必须把它和它依赖的语境联系起来。功能语法作为一支比较成熟的语言体系，并没有忽略语境对句子结构和语义的影响。韩礼德于1964年提出了“语域”这一术语，“语域”所反映的就是语境。韩礼德把语域分为话语的范围，话语的方式和话语的基调三个方面。这三个方面的划分并不是偶然的，，因为它们分别和语言的三大元功能——对应，而决定人际元功能的便是话语的基调。它指交际者在交际中的角色关系，即话语的参与者之间的一套永久性的或暂时性的相应的社会关系。在语言的使用上则表现为话语的基调对表现人际元功能的语气，情态，评价系统及其他人际语法成分选择的影响。这不但对我们分析话语的人际功能而且对于评价译文的人际功能的传达都提供了可供操作的理论框架。本文就是依据功能语法对语调，人际功能和人际语言成分的三位一体关系的理论框架尝试着对我国古典名著《红楼梦》中的人物对话及杨宪益和戴乃婕的英译文进行尝试性的比较，评析。原作作者曹雪芹通过人物对话向我们十分生动地展示了不同人物间的社会关系和其思想风貌，性格特征。通过对个例分析，评价，我们发现英译文基本上成功的传达了原文的人际意义，但也有意义的缺失。本文对成功的译文作了分析，对不足之处找了原因并提出了自己微薄的建议。最后就翻译中常出现的人际意义缺失的原因进行了探讨。本文的基本框架如下：第一章是前言旨在说明本论文选题的原因；第二章简单介绍了所依据的功能语法的人际功能理论框架；第三章是运用人际功能的理论框架进行个例分析；第四章是对人际意义缺失的主要原因进行归纳，最后为结论。本文是从功能语法的角度对英汉语篇进行对比，评价的一种尝试，希望本文的分析会给英汉对比和翻译研究带来启示。
[Abstract]:The theoretical basis of this thesis is functional linguistics, which, as one of the two branches of linguistic research today, has its own complete ideological system and theoretical model after nearly half a century of history. For example, its pure theory function thought, hierarchy thought, system thought. This article mainly from three major language metafunctions, namely the concept function. Interpersonal function is used to reflect the relationship between people, such as turn-ing-talking. (of the rounds of speech) to decide on the choice, or to express one's own judgment and estimation of the possibility and frequency of the occurrence of something. Or it reflects the social status and closeness between the speaker and the hearer. Functional Grammar holds that all three functions of language have their own grammatical elements, among which, the mood system. Modality system and evaluation system are used to express interpersonal function. It is undeniable that language is always used in a certain communication environment. Analytical language must relate it to the context on which it depends. Functional grammar is a relatively mature language system. In 1964, Halliday put forward the term "register", which reflects the context. Halliday divided the register into the scope of discourse. The division of these three aspects is not accidental, because they correspond to the three metafunctions of language. What determines interpersonal metafunctions is the tone of utterance, which refers to the role of communicators in communication. That is, a set of permanent or temporary corresponding social relations between the participants of discourse. In the use of language, it is the tone and modality of the tone of discourse and the expression of interpersonal metafunctions. The influence of the evaluation system and other interpersonal grammatical elements on the choice of the interpersonal grammatical elements, which not only provides an operational theoretical framework for us to analyze the interpersonal function of the discourse but also for the interpersonal function of the target text. Functional grammar versus intonation. The theoretical framework of the trinity relationship between interpersonal functions and interpersonal language elements attempts to make a tentative comparison of the dialogue between the characters in our classical masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions and the English translation of Yang Xianyi and Dai Naijie. The original author Cao Xueqin shows us vividly the social relations among the different characters, their ideological style and character characteristics through the dialogue of characters. Through the analysis of individual examples, the author evaluates. We find that the English translation has successfully conveyed the interpersonal meaning of the original text, but there is also a lack of meaning. This paper makes an analysis of the successful translation. At last, the author probes into the causes of the loss of interpersonal meaning in translation. The basic framework of this thesis is as follows:. The first chapter is the preface to explain the reason of this thesis. The second chapter briefly introduces the theoretical framework of interpersonal function of functional grammar. The third chapter is the use of interpersonal function of the theoretical framework of the case study; Chapter 4th is an attempt to compare and evaluate English and Chinese texts from the perspective of functional grammar. It is hoped that the analysis of this paper will bring enlightenment to English-Chinese contrast and translation studies.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：I046

【参考文献】