伊格尔顿文学理论思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 09:27

本文关键词： 历史生产意识形态政治权力审美　出处：《华中师范大学》2001年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文的主要内容是探讨伊格尔顿文学理论的基本范畴、观念及与之相关的美学思想，并对此作出相应的分析和评价。本文认为，伊格尔顿文学理论的最大特点在于伊格尔顿是以对历史的“革命的理解”为基础来讨论文学和审美的。在其“革命”历史观的指引下，伊格尔顿对文学生产，，文学与其他意识形态的关系，文学形式，文学本质，文学价值，文学批评以及美学观念等一系列问题提出了自己的一些看法。伊格尔顿认为，文学既属于经济基础，又属于上层建筑。因此，对文学的考察一方面要考虑一般生产方式和文学生产方式等生产因素，另一方面还要考虑一般意识形态、美学意识形态、作者意识形态等意识形态因素。文学“本文” 正是上述各种因素相互作用的结果。伊格尔顿的“文学生产”既包括“本文生产”，也包括文学作品的社会生产。而他的文学意识形态论一方面承认文学的权力性，另一方面又强调文学作为一种意识形态与其他意识形态之间的区别。伊格尔顿认为，“文学形式”是文学作为“一种”意识形态区别于其他意识形态的关键之处。但是文学并不是以“一组具有内在性质的作品”形式存在，文学只是“人们把自己联系于作品的方式”，以“关系”的形式存在，因此他否定文学有固定的本质。文学价值事实上是一种“交换价值”，其具体所指就是读者通过作品所获得的对历史的认识。而文学批评由于可以关注于读者与作品关系中的任何因素事实成为文化批评。伊格尔顿认为“最科学”的文学批评是马克思主义文学批评，而马克思主义文学批评关注的重点是文学与意识形态、政治的联系，因此马克思主义文学批评事实上也是一种文化批评。伊格尔顿站在他的文学理论立场上对美学和文学的现代化进程作了进一步的反思。他认为，在古典时期以前，审美、伦理、政治是浑然一体的，美学、卜自霎弓。1 硕＋兰片井十 I令宅塞回目／歹J 小y＜J回fJ；AI卜二人＼二“、一／、IAS工三R S 工HES二S 文学与历史的密切联系得到确认。可是随着美学和文学的现代化进程，美学和文学越来越疏离政治和伦理，越来越否认其自身与历史的必然联系，悄悄地成为资产阶级隐秘的意识形态工具。如果说这种意识形态在自由资本主义阶段还有一定的革命性的话，那么在垄断资本主义形成以后，这种革命性己丧失殆尽。为此，伊格尔顿呼吁以“文学的死亡”和“审美的回归”（回归到古典时期）来对抗当前资产阶级对文学和审美的利用。伊格尔顿的文学理论思想对于我们建立当代形态的马克思主义文学理论是有启发的。但是他的“审美意识形态”概念与我们的“审美意识形态”概念是不同的。伊格尔顿的文学理论还启示我们，文学的政治属性和审美属性并不矛盾。作为一名理论工作者，我们应该肩负起历史赋予我们的历史使命，揭示文学被不光彩的政治所利用的事实真相。
[Abstract]:The main content of this article is to discuss the basic category of Eagleton's literary theory, the concept and its relevance.
In this paper, the author thinks that Eagleton's literary theory is the most important.
The great feature is that Eagleton discusses literature and aesthetics on the basis of historical "understanding of revolution".
Under the guidance of his "revolutionary" historical view, Eagleton was on the production of literature, literature and other ideologies.
A series of problems, such as relation, literary form, literary essence, literary value, literary criticism and aesthetic concept
Some ideas are put forward.
Eagleton believes that literature belongs to both the economic base and the superstructure. Therefore, it is to literature.
On the one hand, we should consider the production factors such as the general mode of production and the mode of literature production. On the other hand, we should take the examination.
Ideological factors such as general ideology, aesthetic ideology, author ideology, and so on. Literature "this article"
It is the result of the interaction of all the factors mentioned above. Eagleton's "literary production" includes both "this article"
"Production" is also included in the social production of literary works. On the one hand, his literary ideology admits literature.
On the other hand, it emphasizes that literature is the difference between ideology and other ideologies.
Eagleton believes that "literary form" is the difference between literature as a "one" ideology
The key to understanding form. But literature is not in the form of "a set of works of inherent nature".
Literature is only "the way people connect themselves to their works", which exists in the form of "relations", so he
There is a fixed essence of negation of literature. In fact, literary value is a kind of "exchange value", which is specifically referred to.
It is the reader's understanding of history through the works, and literary criticism can focus on readers and works.
Any factor in the product relationship is a cultural criticism. Eagleton thinks the "most scientific" literary criticism
It is the literary criticism of Marx, and the focus of Marx's literary criticism is the form of literature and consciousness
The relationship between state and politics, so Marx's literary criticism is also a cultural criticism in fact.
On the basis of his literary theory, Eagleton made an advance in the modernization process of aesthetics and literature.
He thinks that before the classical period, aesthetics, ethics, politics are integrated, aesthetics,
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The close connection between literature and history is confirmed. But with the modernization of aesthetics and literature, aesthetics and
Literature is more and more alienated from politics and ethics, and more and more denies the inevitable connection between itself and history.
An ideological tool for the bourgeoisie, if it is said to be in the stage of free capitalism.
There are some revolutionary words, then, after the formation of monopoly capitalism, this kind of revolutionary has been lost.
For this reason, Eagleton called for "the death of literature" and "the return of aesthetics" (to the classical period).
To combat the use of literature and aesthetics by the current bourgeoisie.
Eagleton's literary theory thought on the establishment of contemporary form of Marx's literary theory
It is enlightening. But his concept of "aesthetic ideology" and the concept of our "aesthetic ideology"
Eagleton's literary theory also inspires us that the political and aesthetic attributes of literature are not the same.
As a theoretical worker, we should shoulder the historical mission that history has given us and reveal it.
The fact that literature is used by dishonorable politics.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：I0

【引证文献】