中国古典哲理诗及其翻译

发布时间：2018-03-15 06:26

本文选题：哲理诗　切入点：表达方法　出处：《西北大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 中国是一个诗歌的国度。诗歌的历史源远流长，诗歌也在社会生活中扮演着重要的角色。早在数千年前，孔子就说过：“不学诗，无以言。”由此可见中国人对诗歌的钟爱及重视程度。中华民族又是一个善于思考的民族，她用什么将智慧的火花、思想的种子流传给后世呢?用苍白的说教来诠释晦涩的理论决不是上策。中国古典哲理诗便兼容了诗歌这种文学形式所独有的形美、意雅、音谐以及哲学思想的深邃与朴实。既是文化的沉淀，又是思想的结晶，即使用“字字珠玑”来形容也丝毫不为过。三千年来，凡能经受住岁月考验的哲理诗，十之八九淡而雅。它们以浅显的形象、平白的语言将丰富而又深刻的人生哲理表达出来，启迪教育着一代代的读者，潜移默化到了了无痕迹的程度。本文的第一章首先介绍了在中国社会、文化历史上举足轻重且不相伯仲的两种哲学思潮：儒家及道家学说。在漫长的封建社会里，儒家思想一直被尊为正统，其思索倡导的“仁”学也为后世尊崇与效仿；与此同时，以“修德”为中心的道家学说也在中国社会历史上占据了不容忽视的地位。在这两种几乎是并驾齐驱的主要思想的熏陶与影响下，中国的知识分子逐渐形成了“外儒内道”的独特哲学观，，这一观点在诗歌中得到了最为集中和艺术的表现。作为一种非常个性化的文学产品，哲理诗有着自己的规律。在第二章里，文章根据主题对暂理诗展开分析，认为此类诗歌或因景而发、或因事而起，无不表达了诗人对自然规律、人生理想以及美好爱情的理解与追求。虽然种类各异，然抒情寓意，各得其所。第三章是对哲理诗表情达意的手法的综合分析。为了表达朴实、凝重的哲理，诗人自觉不自觉地使用了以下几种方法：平铺直叙、比喻(明喻或暗喻)、拟人或拟物、使用典故和文字游戏。诗歌翻译对译者来说一直是一个巨大的挑战与诱惑。哲理诗的翻译尤其如此。本文的第四章针对其可译性进行了论证，认为中国古典哲理诗之所以可译，是因为它们与其他语言文化之间存在着：主题同一性、思维模式同一性、语法差异规律性、文化渗透以及哲学渗透又给哲理诗的翻译这一语言行为提供了更为广阔的空间。在第五章，本文结合当代文学及诗歌翻译理论，尤其是诗歌翻译的实践，指出了中国古典哲理诗的翻译常用方法。在尊重原文、理解原文哲学寓意及其表达手段的前提下，译者必须充分考虑译入语的文化及哲学思潮之后，灵活采用以下行之有效的翻译方法：直译法；调整法；融合法；直译加注释法。分析论证之后，本文的结论水到渠成：第六章中，作者指出了哲理诗的翻译必须遵循的“信、达、切”的标准。哲理诗以其独特的魅力吸引着译者，也为他们提出了极高的要求：在翻译的过程中，译者必须有足够的敏感度去捕捉哲理诗的“精髓”，把这些“种子”以恰当的方式移栽到异域的文化及哲学土壤中去，让它们在异国读者的呼吸中重新获得生命与活力。
[Abstract]:Chinese is a nation of poetry. The long history of poetry, poetry in social life plays an important role. As early as thousands of years ago, Confucius said: "no poem, no words." love and attention to poetry Chinese. Thus the Chinese nation has a good at thinking the nation, she will use what sparks of wisdom, the seeds of thought spread to later generations? With pale preaching to the interpretation of the obscure theory is not the best. China is compatible with the classical philosophy poetry form, unique poetry of this literary form the sense, and the harmonic sound philosophy is deep and simple. The deposit of culture, is the crystallization of ideas, the use of "every phrase a gem" to describe is an understatement. In three thousand years, who can withstand the test of time philosophical poems, nine in ten fresh and elegant. They use simple image, plain language will be rich And the profound philosophy of life is expressed, enlightening the readers of the generation from generation to generation, and imperceptibly to the degree of no trace.
In the first chapter, first introduced in the Chinese society, two kinds of philosophy history and comparable: Confucianism and Taoism. In the long feudal society, Confucianism has been revered as the orthodox, the thought advocated "benevolence" for future generations to respect and follow; at the same time, "Virtue" as the center of Taoism also occupy a position not to be ignored in the China social history. The two is almost the edification and influence of the main idea of the China racing together bridle to bridle, the intellectuals gradually formed a "unique Confucian philosophy" concept, in the view of poetry has been the most concentrated and the art of performance.
As a very personalized product literature, philosophical poetry has its own rules. In the second chapter, according to the theme analysis of the temporary management of that kind of poetry, poetry or for king, or for things, all expressed the poet of nature, the ideal of life and beauty of love and understanding although the different pursuit. However, the lyric meaning, play their proper role.
The third chapter is the comprehensive analysis of the philosophical poetry expression technique. In order to express simple, dignified philosophy, poets consciously use the following methods: descriptive, figurative (simile or metaphor), personification, allusion and word games.
Poetry translation for the translator has been a huge challenge and temptation. Especially philosophical poetry translation. The fourth chapter in view of its translatability is demonstrated, that China classical philosophy poetry is translatable, because between them and other language culture exist: the theme of the same sex, the same mode of thinking one of the differences of grammar, culture and philosophical infiltration of poetry translation of this linguistic behavior provides a wider space.
In the fifth chapter, based on the contemporary literature and poetry translation theory, especially the practice of poetry translation, translation methods pointed out China classical philosophical poems. In respect of original understanding of the original meaning of philosophy and expression means under the premise, the translator must fully consider the cultural and philosophical thoughts of target language, flexible using the following effective the translation methods: literal translation; adjustment method; fusion method; literal translation plus annotation method.
After analysis, the conclusion of this paper follow: in the sixth chapter, the author points out that philosophical poetry translation must follow the "letter of" standard. Philosophical poetry with its unique charm of the translator, but also puts forward a high demand for them in the process of translation, the translator must have enough the sensitivity to capture the philosophical poems "essence" the "seed" in the proper way of cultural and philosophical soil transplanting to exotic to give them back to life and vitality in the reader's breath.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：I046

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