“异化”和“归化”在中国古典文学翻译中的运用

发布时间：2018-03-18 06:29

本文选题：中国古典文学作品翻译　切入点：异化　出处：《湖南师范大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在翻译界，存在着两种处理原语和译语文化差异的翻译方法——异化和归化。许多翻译者对这个问题进行了研究。大多数认为这两种翻译方法是不可分的，，互补的。也就是说，在具体翻译中，必须对立统一地运用异化和归化这两种翻译方法。然而，一个值得大家注意的事实就是：在翻译实践中，翻译者受到了各种各样复杂因素的影响。例如：原文的类型和特征，原文和译文的差异，翻译的目的和客观条件，翻译者的主、客观条件(其文化背景、教育程度、翻译能力和审美趋向等等)。这些因素使翻译者在运用这两种翻译方法时常常有所偏爱。所以在翻译中关键的问题就是如何恰当、合理、科学地运用这两种翻译方法。本文通过对中国古典文学作品的翻译，对异化和归化的合理运用进行了阐述。因为中国古典文学的翻译孕育着很强的文化表达性，所以我认为，在翻译中国古典文学作品时应该尽量运用异化，这样才能达到欣赏和介绍文化的目的。但是在翻译时，我们要以忠实于原文作为翻译的首要标准。如果无法再现原文的意义，甚至出现使读者无法理解原文的现象，我们就只能采取归化或其它变通方法了。为了更有力的阐述我的观点，文章对带有丰富文化内涵的名著《红楼梦》的两个英译本所运用的主要翻译方法(杨宪益和戴乃迭夫妇主要运用异化的翻译方法；霍克斯主要运用归化手法)进行了比较，具体说明造成异化、归化偏爱的原因及对不利因素的克服。这篇论文共包含五个部分。引言部分对全文进行了介绍并且阐述了目前翻译界在运用异化和归化这两种翻译方法时的普遍观点。异化和归化这两种翻译方法是对立统一的，但翻译者在翻译实践中对这两者的运用常有偏爱。在翻译中国古典文学作品时，为了向外推介中国文化，在不违背忠实于原文的原则下，本人主张主要运用异化，其次运用归化的翻译方法。第一章阐述了在翻译中国古典文学作品时某些关键性因素影响着异化和归化这两种翻译方法的运用。这些关键性因素主要包括(1)原文的类型和特征(2)翻译者的客观条件(3)翻译者的主观条件。在第二章里，本人谈到虽然异化和归化这两种方法是对立统一的，但是翻译者在运用这两种方法时有自己的喜好。我们主张在不违背忠实于原文的原则下，翻译者在翻译中国古典文学作品时应尽量克服自己不恰当的喜好和主、客观条件的障碍，主要运用异化这种翻译方法，其次运用归化及其它变通的翻译方法。第三章对《红楼梦》这本名著的两本英译本进行对比，具体分析讨论了如何采用完全异化、部分异化、必要归化的翻译方法。最后，本人强调，作为翻译者，应尽量克服个人主、客观因素的不当影响，在翻译时，忠实于原文，恰当、合理而科学地运用异化和归化这两种翻译方法。在翻译中国古典文学作品时，应主要运用异化翻译方法，其次运用归化及其它变通的翻译方法。
[Abstract]:In the field of translation, translation, foreignization and domestication are two ways to deal with the cultural differences between the source language and the target language. Many translators studied this problem. Most of them think these two translation methods are inseparable and complementary. That is to say, in the specific translation, must use the unity of opposites two translation methods of foreignization and domestication. However, a noteworthy fact is that in the practice of translation, translators are subject to a variety of complex factors. For example: the types and features of the original text, between the original and the translation, translation purpose and objective conditions, the translator's main objective condition, (the cultural background, education, translation ability and aesthetic tendency and so on). These factors make the translators often have preference in the use of the two translation methods. So the key problem is how to properly and scientifically reasonable. The use of the two translation methods. Based on the Chinese classical literary translation, rational use of foreignization and domestication are described. Because China classical literature translation carries strong cultural expression, so I think that in the translation of China classical literary works should be as far as possible the use of alienation, so as to achieve appreciation and the purpose of the culture. But in translation, we should take the primary standard of faithfulness to the original text as translation. If unable to reproduce the original meaning, and even make the readers cannot understand the original phenomenon, we can adopt domestication or other methods. In order to elaborate my point of view, the main translation methods the use of the two versions of English with rich cultural connotation of the masterpiece "a dream of Red Mansions" (the translation method; Yang Xianyi and Dai Naidie mainly uses the alienation of Hawkes main transport The comparison is made with the method of naturalization, and the reasons for the alienation, the reasons for the preference of naturalization and the overcoming of the unfavorable factors are explained.
This paper consists of five parts.
The introduction part of this article introduces and discusses the translation circle in the use of the two translation methods of foreignization and domestication of the common view. The two translation methods of foreignization and domestication is the unity of opposites, but the translator in the translation practice of both are often preferred. China in the translation of classical literary works. In order to promote outward China culture, in does not violate the principle of faithfulness to the original, I mainly use the proposition of alienation, followed by the use of domesticating method.
The first chapter expounds the application of two key factors that influence foreignization and domestication in translating classical Chinese literature. These key factors mainly include: (1) the type and characteristics of the original, (2) the objective conditions of translators, (3) the subjective parts of translators.
In the second chapter, I talk about the two ways of alienation and naturalization, the unity of opposites
But the translator has its own preference when using these two methods.
Under the principle of faithfulness to the original, the translator should try to do as much as possible in the translation of Chinese classical literary works
Taking their own inappropriate preferences and owners, the obstacles of objective conditions, mainly using the translation of this translation
Methods, secondly, the translation methods of naturalization and other adaptations are used.
The third chapter makes a comparative analysis of the two English versions of the "Red Mansions dream", the famous book, and the specific analysis
This paper discusses how to adopt the translation method of complete alienation, partial dissimilation and necessary naturalization.
Finally, I emphasize that as a translator, we should try to overcome the personal and objective factors.
Undue influence, in the translation, faithful to the original, appropriate, reasonable and scientific use of alienation and
Domestication, the two methods of translation, should be mainly used in the translation of Chinese classical literary works.
The method of translation is followed by domestication and other translation methods.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：I046

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