从文体学角度对小说引语翻译的研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 18:42

本文选题：文体 + 角度　；参考：《中国人民解放军外国语学院》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】： 人物引语是小说的重要组成部分。在柏拉图的“共和国”第三卷中，苏格拉底区分了“摹仿”和“讲述”这两种方式，“摹仿”即直接展示人物话语；“讲述”则是诗人用自己的言词来转述人物的话语。这大致相当于后来的直接引语和间接引语之分。可见人物引语在文学理论中的渊源。人物的话语和思想历来得到很多作家重视，用来塑造人物，推动情节发展。在现代文学中，人物话语的不同表达方式是小说特有的艺术形式。在小说中，人物的话语由处于另一时空中的叙述者转述给读者。叙述者或者原原本本地引述人物言辞，或者概要转述人物话语的内容，或者用引号，或者省略引号，或者在人物话语前面加上引述句，或者省略引述句，如此等等。这种对人物语言进行的“编辑”或“加工”，显然是小说特有的。本文从文学文体学角度对小说引语翻译进行研究。作为文体学的一个重要分支，文学文体学运用现代语言学的理论和方法，集中探讨作者如何通过对语言特征的选择来表达和加强主题意义和美学效果。文学作品的特点是具有审美或诗学功能，因而文学翻译不仅强调译出原文的内容，更强调传达原文文学语言形式的价值。文学文体学应用于小说翻译研究，可以帮助译者更好地把握小说中的语言成分尤其是语言形式的美学功能和文体价值，促使译者在实践中注重各种文体手段，注重形式与内容之间的交互作用，使用文体功能等值的语言成分，以保留原文的主题意义和美学价值。小说人物话语的表达方式是作者用以调整叙述干预和叙述距离，控制感情色彩及语气的重要工具。同样的人物话语采用不同的表达方式，比如直接引语、间接引语、自由间接引语等等，就会产生不同的文体功能，达到不同的主题意义和美学效果。可以说，人物话语的方式与人物话语的表达之间的关系是形式与内容的关系。为了准确而完整地传达原语小说中的人物引语的主题意义和美学效果，从文学文体学角度对小说引语翻译作一研究显然是必要的。对英语小说人物引语的理论研究详尽而丰富。从Shlomith Rin飞nlon一Kena，1到Ann Banfield再到Monika Fludemik，学者们从叙事学、语言学等各个角度对引语提出了不同的看法。在定义上，本文采用Leec树Short的方法，将英语小说中的引语形式按叙述千预程度不同和叙事距离的远近，划分为五种类型:言语行为叙述体、间接引语、自由间接引语、直接引语和自由直接引语。言语行为叙述体叙述干预最重、叙述距离最远;自由直接引语叙述干预最轻，叙述距离最近。这些引语类型的不同语言形式反映了不同的文体功能、美学价值和主题意义:言语行为叙述体使叙述者行使最大的干预，，同时大大加宽了叙事距离;间接引语可以采取不同程度的带有人物话语特色的形式，实现不同程度的叙述干预，它使话语显得较为平暗，衬托出直接话语;自由间接引语能有效地表达讽束」或诙谐的效果，也能增强对人物的同情感，还能增加语意密度;直接引语有直接性与生动性，通过人物的特定话语塑造人物性格，它带有引导句和引号，往往产生音响效果; 自由直接引语使读者在无任何准备的情况下，直接接触人物的 “原话”，使叙述流更顺畅地向前发展，同时自由直接引语最适于表达人物潜意识的心理活动。在人物引语翻译研究中，本文引入了申丹的“假象等值”概念，即译文与原文看上去大致相同，但文学价值与文学意义相去甚远。(申丹，2002:11)翻译小说时，译者往往将对等建立在 “可意译的物质内容”(Bassnette一MeGuire，1995:23:申丹，2002: 11)上，忽略语言形式本身的文学意义、将是否传递了同样的内容作为等值的标准，这样拄往造成假象等值。为了避免假象等值，获得表达内容、形式上等值的美学效果，译者应该把握原文中语言形式与意义的有机联系，采取相应的翻译策略，着眼于功能对等或“相同表达”，用译语中相同或不同的语言手段来获得与原文相同的文体效果，即“文体成分替换”。要做好小说人物引语的翻译，译者显然必须具备以下两方面的能力:一是以其关联着的不同的主题意义和美学效果为指针，在原文和译文中区分各种引语类别之间的形式差别，并在原、译语诸引语形式类别之间寻求建立一般及特定的对应的能力;二是把握在原、译语两种文学表达传统中，小说人物引语独特的言语变体形式，包括言语的社会变体和地域变体的文体功能，即其与人物性格、身份和主题意义之间的联系，并在两种文学的相应个人言语变体之间建立一般及特定的对应的能力。上述两方面缺一不可，如果译者在其中任何一方面有所欠缺，都会导致在引语翻译上的假象等值。为了在小说引语的英汉翻译中克服假象等值，实施“文体成分替换”的策略，译者应充分了解人物引语的形式特征及引语中的个人言语变体的主题意义和美学功能，在汉语中寻找与其功能相应的引语语言形式并进行替换。通过对翻译作品的研究发现，在翻译中言语行为叙述体和间接引语、自由间接引语和叙述者话语、自由间接引语和“并列”的间接引语之间存在着易混淆的现
[Abstract]:In the third volume of Plato ' s Republic , Socrates distinguishes between " imitation " and " telling " .
In modern literature , the words and ideas of characters have been paid much attention by many writers to shape the characters and promote the development of the plot . In modern literature , the discourse of the characters is transferred to the reader by the narrators in another time .

In this paper , the author studies the translation of the novel from the point of view of literature and literature . As an important branch of the study of literature , the author focuses on how to express and strengthen the subject ' s meaning and aesthetic effect through the selection of linguistic features .

The expression of a novel person ' s words is to adjust the narrative intervention .

An important tool for distance , control , color , and tone .

Uses different expressions such as direct quotation , indirect quotation , free indirect quotation

and so on , different stylistic functions can be generated , and different themes and aesthetic effects can be achieved .

Fruit . It can be said that the relationship between the man ' s words and the expression of the characters is in the form of a figure

The relationship between the type and the content . To convey the characters in the original text accurately and completely .

The theme and the aesthetic effect of the novel from the point of view of literature and literature

it is clear that the study is necessary .

The theoretical study of the introduction of characters in English novels is detailed and rich . From Shlomith

Rin fly nlon a Kena , 1 to Ann Banfield to Monika Fluffy k , scholars

Different opinions are put forward from various angles such as narratology and linguistics .

In this paper , Leec tree Short ' s method is used to classify the quotation form in English novels .

The far - close relationship between the different and the narrative distance is divided into five types : speech act .

Narrative , indirect , free , indirect , direct and free .

The narrative of speech acts the heaviest , the furthest distance of the narrative , the free direct quotation

Most of the interventions are the lightest , the narrative distance is the most recent . The different language forms of these quoted types are reflected

Different stylistic functions , aesthetic values and subject significance : the narrative of speech acts

the person exercises the greatest interference while greatly widening the narrative distance ; the indirect quotation can

different degrees of narration are realized by adopting different forms with characters and discourse characteristics

Intervention , it makes the discourse more flat and dark , lining up the direct discourse ; free indirect quotation

can effectively express an irony or a humorous effect , can also enhance the same emotion to the person , and also

can increase the semantic density ; the direct quotation has the direct character and the initiative , through the person ' s specific

Discourse shaping character , it carries guiding sentence and quotation mark , often produces sound effect ;

Free direct quotation enables readers to directly contact persons without any preparation

" In - situ " , making the narrative flow more smoothly forward , while the free direct quotation is optimal

a psychological activity that expresses the subconscious mind of a person .

In the study of discourse translation of characters , this paper introduces the " false contour " of Shen Dan .

The translation is almost the same as that of the original , but the value of literature and the significance of literature

Far from . ( Shen Dan , 2002 : 11 ) When translating novels , the translator tends to set up the peer

" Content of the substance that can be translated " ( Bassen - MeGuire , 1995 : 23 : Shen Dan , 2002 :

11 ) On the other hand , ignoring the literary meaning of the language form itself , it will whether or not it has passed the same token

As the standard of the equivalent value , this can cause the pseudo - image equivalent value . In order to avoid the value of the false image ,

To obtain the aesthetic effect of expressing content , form and equivalent value , the translator should grasp the original text

The organic relation between the form and meaning of the words , the corresponding translation strategies should be adopted , focusing on the function pair

the same or " the same expression " , obtained by the same or different language means in the translation .

The text has the same stylistic effect , that is , " substitution of stylistic elements " .

It is clear that the translator must have the following two aspects :

ability : a pointer to the different subject and aesthetic effects associated with it ,

In the original text and the translation , distinguish the differences among the various kinds of quotation categories , and in the original , the translation

to seek the ability to establish general and specific correspondence among the categories of quotation forms ;

To grasp the unique words of the characters of the novel in the two literary expressions of the original and translated languages

Variant form , including the social variant of speech and the stylistic function of the geographical variation , that is , it

The relationship between personality , identity and subject matter , and in the corresponding ones of the two kinds of literature

The ability to establish general and specific correspondence between human speech variants .

No , if the translator is deficient in any one of them , it will lead to a turn - over

The imaginary equivalent of the translation .

In order to overcome the equivalence of the false image in the English - Chinese translation of the novel quotation , implement the " literary form " On the Strategy of " Replace " , the translator should fully understand the form characteristics and quotation of the characters ' quotation

The subject and aesthetic functions of personal speech variants in Chinese search for their function

Through the research and discovery of translated works ,

A Narrative and Indirect Approach to Speech Acts in Translation ;

There is confusion between the indirect quotation of language , free indirect quotation and " parallel " .

【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：I046

【引证文献】