从理论和实证的角度看文学翻译中译者的主体性问题

发布时间：2018-04-21 06:48

本文选题：理论 + 实证　；参考：《中国人民解放军外国语学院》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】： 翻译活动尤其是文学翻译行为的主体为译者。自古以来，可以说从第一次翻译活动问世之日起，译者就在翻译活动中扮演着至关重要的角色：在所有的翻译作品中都可以找到译者无意当中所留下的主体性特征：与此同时，所有的翻译作品都是译者进行选择和作决定的结果，，译者对原文的变通和干预处处可见，只是变通和干预的程度有所不同。在传统的规定性的翻译理论中，作为翻译行为主体的译者没有受到应有的重视：译者的主体性特征一直被简单化地加以排斥。人们认为理想的译者应该以完全再现原作或是原作者的意图为目的，因而译者的理想状态就只能是隐形的，译者应该像一面镜子，将原作清晰无误地展现在译文读者的面前。随着解构主义的兴起，原作中心论的思想受到了挑战，原作的确定意义是否存在引起了人们的质疑，原作者的权威地位遭到了颠覆，译者在翻译行为中的主体地位开始引起人们的重视，译者作为翻译活动的主体，其身份和地位逐渐得到翻译研究者的承认，译者的主体性问题也吸引了人们的注意。在国外，女性主义译者在翻译过程中刻意将文本女性化，并将翻译当作文化干预的手段，力求在译文中体现出女性的主体性；后殖民主义翻译理论则研究了某些译者为了实现对文本中的西方文化霸权的批判和消解，采取异化策略，凸显边缘文化差异的做法，表现了通过翻译对强势文化进行消解的文化取向。鉴于对译者主体的研究己经成为翻译研究的重要组成部分，本文试图在对翻译主体性问题进行理论上的历史回顾的基础上，进一步就此问题进行理论探讨和实证研究，从而加深人们对这一问题的认识。论文分为五章。第一章为绪论，论述了主体性的定义，指出翻译活动尤其是文学翻译活动的主体为译者。主体性是译者的内在特性。每一篇经过翻译的文章都有译者主体性的体现。译者的主体意识体现在三个方面:一为译者的背景、喜好、品味等在译文中的自然流露; 二为译者为了准确传达原文的精髓或是原作者的意图而适度发挥的主观能动性;三为译者为了达到一定的目的故意对原文进行的变通和干预。在前两种情况下，译者的主体性有所发挥，但还是建立在再现原作和原作者的意图基础之上。而在第三种情况下，则是译者主体性的张扬。但是传统翻译理论一直没有充分注意到译者主体性的存在，并简单化、规定性地抑制翻译过程中的译者主体性，片面强调译者要泯灭自我，完全再现、复写出原作，对译者的主体作用没有充分的认识，结果导致理论中理想的译者与实践中客观存在的译者之间出现了较大的背离。第二章为文献回顾，详细介绍了自圣经翻译以来各种译论对译者主体的阐述。译者的主体性受到作者、原作、读者、赞助人及各种翻译规范的制约。在圣经翻译和语文学派的翻译理论中，译者被要求忠实地再现原作或是原作者的意图，没有为主体作用的发挥留下一点空间。在语一言学派的理论中，译者的主要任务是在再现原作的基础上为特定的译文读者服务，译者虽已在一定程度上成为翻译行为的主体，但其主体性特征必须服从于特定的译文读者的需要。赞助人是翻译活动中极为重要的一环，赞助人的好恶、意识形态等因素制约着译者主体性的发挥，为了使译作顺利和读者见面，译者不得不压抑自己的主体性以迎合赞助人的需要。除此之外，在翻译过程中，译者还要受到各种翻译规范的制约，如责任规范、期待规范、语言规范及意识形态等。在这些理论的观照之下，译者似乎已经沦为一种被动的工具，根本没有发挥主体性的余地。论文的第三章、第四章、第五章对对上述的各种翻译理论进行了反驳。第三章通过实例对比揭示了译者的主体性特征在译文中的自然流露，主体性的自然流露主要体现在词的选择、句型的选择和译文风格三个方面。译者虽然往往以完全再现原作或是原作者的意图为最终追求，但在这个追求过程中必然会流露出一些主体性的特征。第四章主要探讨译者主体性的另一方面，即主观能动性的发挥，这里探讨的不再是主体性的自然流露而是一种主观的追求。译者的主观能动性如果得到很好的发挥就表现为一种创造性，就会使译文更富有魅力。第五章为译者主体性凸显的个案研究，关注在翻译活动中主体性特征体现得比较强的一面，即对原文的变通和干预。以三位中国译者坞摩罗什、严复和林纤为实例，揭示了译者为实现特定意图而对原文进行变形通和干预，从而使其主体作用得到张显。这三位中国译者分别处于不同的时代，充分说明译者主体性历来都不会因为受到制约而完全湮灭。第五章探讨了女性主义和后殖民主义翻译中译者主体性的张扬。二十世纪六十年代起，后现代思潮的兴起导致了人们对各种现有制度的反思。出现了边缘对中心的消解，即:处于边缘地位的弱势文化对处于中心统治地位的中心文化进行消解;处于被压迫地位的原殖民地文化对殖民者文化进行消解;女性主义者对传统的男性中心主义进行消解。在实现对中心的消解的过程中，翻译被当成了有力的武器。后殖民主义和女性主义的译者试图通过在翻
[Abstract]:Translation, especially the subject of literary translation, is the translator. Since ancient times, it can be said that from the day of the first translation, the translator plays a vital role in the translation activities: in all the translations, the translator can find the subjective characteristics that the translator left unintentionally: at the same time, all translation The translator's choice and decision is the result of the translator's choice and decision. The translator's adaptation and intervention can be seen everywhere, but the extent to which the translator is translators and intervening is different. In the traditional and prescriptive translation theory, the translator who is the subject of the translation behavior has not been given due attention: the subject characteristics of the translators have been simply arranged. Repulsion. People think that the ideal translator should aim at the complete reproduction of the original or the original author's intention, so the translator's ideal state can only be invisible. The translator should display the original work in the front of the translation reader like a mirror. With the rise of deconstruction, the original work of the thought of centralism is challenged. The existence of the definitive meaning has aroused people's doubt, the original author's authority status has been subverted, the translator's main position in the translation behavior has begun to arouse people's attention. As the subject of the translation activities, the translator's identity and status is gradually recognized by the translation researchers, and the translator's subjectivity has attracted the attention of the people. In the process of translation, feminist translators deliberately translate text into feminization and regard translation as a means of cultural intervention and strive to embody women's subjectivity in the translation, and the postcolonial translation theory studies the criticism and digestion of some translators in order to realize the hegemony of western literary hegemony in the text.
Foreignization Strategies, which highlight the differences in marginal cultures, demonstrate the strong culture through translation.
The cultural orientation of disappearing.
In view of the fact that the study of translators' subjectivity has become an important part of translation studies,
Based on the theoretical review of the subjectivity of translation, this paper attempts to further explore the issue of subjectivity in translation.
This problem is discussed theoretically and empirically, so as to deepen people's understanding of this problem.
The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which discusses the definition of subjectivity and points out translation.
Activities, especially the main body of literary translation activities, are translators. Subjectivity is the intrinsic characteristic of translators.
Every translated article has the embodiment of translator's subjectivity.
There are three aspects: first, the natural background of the translator's background, preferences and tastes.
Second, the translator should play a proper role in accurately conveying the essence of the original text or the intention of the original author.
Subjective initiative; three, the translator adaptations to the original text in order to achieve a certain purpose.
In the first two cases, the translator's subjectivity has been brought into play, but it is still based on reproduction.
On the basis of the intention of the original and the original author, in the third case, the translator's subjectivity.
But the traditional translation theory has not fully noticed the existence of the translator's subjectivity.
In addition, it simplifying and restraining the translator's subjectivity in the process of translation.
Self destruction is completely reproduced, and the original work is not fully recognized.
Knowledge leads to the emergence of an ideal translator in theory and an objective translator in practice.
A larger deviation.
The second chapter is a literature review. It introduces in detail the translation theories from the Bible to the translator.
The translator's subjectivity is influenced by the author, the original, the reader, the patron and all kinds of translation.
In the Bible translation and the Chinese School of translation theory, the translator is asked to be loyal.
Reproducing the original work or the intention of the original author does not leave any room for the role of the main body.
In the theory of the one language school, the translator's main task is to reproduce the original work.
The translator's service to specific target readers has, to a certain extent, been the main body of translation activities.
However, its subjectivity must be subordinated to the needs of specific target readers.
The most important part of the movement is that the likes and dislikes of the patrons, ideology and other factors restrict the translator.
In order to make the translation work well with the readers, the translator has to suppress his own subjectivity.
In order to cater for the needs of the sponsors, the translator also needs to be treated in the process of translation.
The constraints of various translation norms, such as responsibility norms, expectation norms, language norms and ideology
In the light of these theories, the translator seems to have become a passive tool.
There is no room for subjectivity.
The third chapter, the fourth chapter, and the fifth chapter carry out the above translation theories.
Refute. The third chapter reveals the nature of translator's subjectivity in translation.
The natural revelation of subjectivity is mainly reflected in the choice of words, the choice of sentence patterns and the style of translation.
There are three aspects of a case. Translators usually take the intention of completely reproducing the original work or the original author's intention.
Pursuit, but in this pursuit process, there will inevitably be some characteristics of subjectivity. The fourth chapter.
This paper mainly discusses the other aspect of translator's subjectivity, that is, the exertion of subjective initiative.
It is no longer a spontaneous manifestation of subjectivity but a subjective pursuit.
If the fruit is well developed, it can be expressed as a kind of creativity, which will make the translation more attractive.
The five chapter is a case study of translator's subjectivity.
The stronger side is the adaptation and intervention of the original text. With three Chinese translators, Moro
What's more, Yan Fu and Lin Lin reveal the translator's transformation of the original text to achieve the specific intention.
shape
The three Chinese translators are not at the same time.
The same era fully demonstrates that the subjectivity of the translator has never been completely submerged because of constraints.
Extinguish.
The fifth chapter explores the publicity of translator's subjectivity in the translation of feminism and post colonialism.
Since the 1960s, the rise of post modernism has led to various existing systems.
The reflection of the emergence of the edge on the center of digestion, namely: the marginalized vulnerable culture pairs.
The central culture in the central position is dispelled; the former colony in the oppressed position.
Culture dispels the colonialist culture; feminists carry out traditional male centralism.
In the process of digestion, the translation is regarded as a powerful weapon.
Translators of colonialism and feminism try to turn over

【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：I046

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