文学人类学方法论辨析

发布时间：2018-05-19 01:21

本文选题：文学人类学 + 田野工作　；参考：《中央民族大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在梳理文学人类学研究现状,从人类学角度提出对文学人类学新界定的基础上,主张以人类学田野工作、文化相对论、整体论和跨文化比较这四种方法指导文学人类学研究,以推进这一交叉学科内研究工作的深入开展。本文由六个部分构成:第一章介绍了文学人类学方法论研究的缘起,回顾了国内外文学人类学研究现状,提出关于文学人类学的界定,进而指出将人类学研究方法引入文学人类学领域的必要性。本章还涉及写作本篇论文的目的、意义及研究方法。第二章详细介绍了人类学田野工作方法的兴起与发展,阐述了田野工作方法在文学人类学研究中的作用,兼顾了文学人类学的另一研究领域——文学形式的人类学表达方式。人类学田野工作是人类学研究最主要、最基本的方法,也是人类学区别于其他相关学科的最鲜明的特征。本章通过笔者对蒙古族仪式祝词调研的田野工作实例,论证了田野工作方法对于文学人类学,尤其是流传于民间的口头文学的搜集、整理和研究具有重要的方法论意义。人类学家的研究成果反映在他们所撰写的民族志之中。伴随着对人类学文学性的发掘,民族志的撰写问题成为文学人类学研究的重要命题。本章在追溯人类学民族志流变过程的基础上,探讨了以文学形式表达人类学思想的客观性及可行性。第三章介绍了人类学的文化相对论的方法,论述了文化相对论在文学人类学研究中的地位。在人类社会的发展过程中存在着一个口承先于书写的历史,然而书面文学问世之后,却出现了口头被书面遮蔽的现象,突出地表现在口头文学的整理、研究工作中,书面文学范式占据主导地位,而口头文学自身的特点与价值却被忽略。文化相对论的方法能够引领我们正确认识口头文学与书面文学各自的不可替代的价值。在处理主流文学与非主流文学的关系问题上,文化相对论告诉我们,无文字民族的简单社会同有文字民族的复杂社会具有同等的研究价值,远离文明中心的位于边缘的族群文化,不见得因为经济基础的薄弱而缺乏自成一体的生存智慧。非主流文学的价值应当得到充分的肯定。第四章阐述了人类学整体论方法的内涵,并提出这一方法指导下的两种纬度的文学人类学研究。首先,文学作为人类精神活动的独特产物,其自身就是一个有机整体。运用人类学整体论的方法来研究文学,有助于对文学本身的深入理解和把握。其次,文学作为人类的诸种文化现象之一,一与其他文化事项之间有着千丝万缕的联系。人类学整体论方法的引入,使我们有了更开阔的研究视野,不再满足于就文学而言文学,而是把文学置于整个人类文化事项中,研究文学与其他文化形态之间的联系。第五章论述了人类学的跨文化比较研究方法的特点,并通过介绍跨文化语境下文学如何建构他者形象的问题为突破口,阐述了跨文化比较方法在文学人类学研究中的运用。第六章是对全文的总结。关键词:文学人类学,田野工作,文化相对论,整体论,跨文化比较
[Abstract]:On the basis of a new definition of literary anthropology, this paper, on the basis of an anthropological point of view of the new definition of literary anthropology, advocates that the four methods of anthropological field work, cultural relativity, holism and cross-cultural comparison guide the study of literary anthropology so as to promote the in-depth development of this interdisciplinary research work.
This article consists of six parts: the first chapter introduces the origin of the methodology of literary anthropology, reviews the present status of literary anthropology at home and abroad, puts forward the definition of literary anthropology, and points out the necessity of introducing the methodology of anthropological research into the field of literary anthropology. The second chapter introduces the rise and development of anthropological fieldwork in detail, expounds the role of fieldwork in the study of literary anthropology, and gives consideration to another field of literary anthropology, the anthropological expression of literary forms. Anthropological field work is the most important and basic aspect of anthropological research. The law is also the most distinctive feature of the other related disciplines. This chapter demonstrates that the field work method has important methodological significance to the collection, collation and research of literary anthropology, especially in the folk, through the field work of the author's research on the Mongol ceremonial congratulations. The research results are reflected in the ethnography they have written. With the excavation of anthropological literature, the writing of ethnography has become an important proposition in the study of literary anthropology. On the basis of tracing the evolution process of anthropological ethnography, this chapter discusses the objectivity and feasibility of the expression of anthropological thought in the form of literature in the third chapter. The method of cultural relativity in anthropology is introduced, and the status of cultural relativity in the study of literary anthropology is discussed. In the course of the development of human society, there is a history which is preceded by the writing, but it is written in writing.
After the advent of literature, there was a phenomenon of verbal cover up.
In the process of literature collation and research, the written literary paradigm dominates, while oral literature is dominant.
Their own characteristics and values are ignored. The method of cultural relativism can lead us to confirm.
Understanding the irreplaceable value of oral literature and written literature. Dealing with mainstream literature and non
On the issue of the relationship between mainstream literature, cultural relativity tells us that simple societies without literal peoples
It has the same research value as the complex society with text and nationality, far away from the center of civilization.
The ethnic culture at the periphery is not necessarily lacking in self-reliance because of the weak economic foundation.
The value of non mainstream literature should be fully affirmed. The fourth chapter expounds human beings.
To study the connotation of holism, and put forward two kinds of literary human beings under the guidance of this method.
First of all, literature, as a unique product of human spiritual activities, is itself a product.
The study of literature by using holistic anthropology is helpful to literature itself.
Secondly, literature is one of the various cultural phenomena of mankind.
He is closely related to cultural matters. The introduction of anthropological holism makes it possible.
We have a broader vision of research and are no longer satisfied with literature but literature.
Science is placed in the whole human culture, and the relationship between literature and other cultural forms is studied.
The fifth chapter discusses the characteristics of anthropological cross-cultural comparative research methods, and introduces cross texts.
How to construct the image of others in the context of language is a breakthrough.
The application of the method in the study of literary anthropology. The sixth chapter is a summary of the whole article.
Key words: literary anthropology, field work, cultural relativism, holism, span
Cultural comparison
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：I0-05;C912.4

【引证文献】