反本质主义与艺术本质问题

发布时间：2018-06-01 02:33

本文选题：艺术本质 + “家族相似”　；参考：《华中师范大学》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文不着意在众多的艺术本质的界定中再添新说，而是针对艺术本质论的理论预设作批判性反思。自柏拉图以来，美学家们都在追问“艺术是什么？”其共同的理论预设是：艺术中存在一种永恒的特性，它构成艺术的定义。这种方法论思想被波普命名为本质主义。反本质主义是维特根斯坦的后期哲学的根本特征，他以“意义即用法”取代了前期哲学的“图像论”，消解了意义的先验实体性；以“家族相似”概念作为普遍性本质的替代性解释，使追求本质成为子虚乌有的东西。经过反本质主义的洗礼之后，以传统本质主义的方式言说艺术本质问题被证明是死路；但是反本质主义矫枉过正，主张“艺术本质是一个假问题”，彻底否定任何理性抽象、概括的必要性和可能性，不利于在学术反思中促进知识的创新和增长。维氏主张哲学是“纯粹描述的学问”，其实只是认识论上的一种乌托邦。通过对“家族相似”作扩展性研究，挖掘其哲学的建构功能，既反本质主义，又从中拯救出“本质”的概念，并赋予三种新的涵义：即本质1是有限对象的共有特征，本质2是大部分相似的特征，，本质3是核心的特征；同时又与韦伯的“理想类型”的方法论相结合，深化分类、比较和典型化的研究方法，超越本质主义与反本质主义的知性对立，张扬有限的、相对理性主义立场。新的本质观认为：“本质”既非唯实论者所认定的不变实体，也非唯名论者所宣称的空洞符号；它是我们出于把握对象的需要、提取相关对象的某些特征而设置出来的一个概念；同一个对象拥有不止一个本质，这取决于我们的认识目的和所采取的方法。因此，“本质”属于认识论的范畴，其意义在于：“透过本质看现象”，而不是通常所谓的“透过现象看本质”。立足于新的理论框架，可以建构言说艺术本质问题的新范式。艺术是一个处在恒变恒新的创造之中的开放性系统，企图寻求永恒不变的、单一性的艺术定义，不过是形而上的独断论梦想。“再现论”、“表现论”、“形式论”作为不同的理想类型，又构成一种家族相似网络，即以作品为中心，关注作品的特性；“惯例论”则以语境为中心，认为是语境赋予某物以艺术的称号。在两种视角关照下，艺术的本质处于不断生成的状态之中。把不同的艺术本质论看作为“理想类型”，意味着必须转换思维方式，以一种相对的理性主义立场对待动态的艺术创造过程。
[Abstract]:This article does not intend to add new theories to the definition of the essence of art, but to the essence of art.
Theoretical presupposition is a critical reflection.
Since Platon, American scientists have been asking "what is art?" its common theoretical presupposition is:
There is an eternal characteristic in art, which constitutes the definition of art. This methodology is named by pop.
It is essentialism. Anti essentialism is the fundamental characteristic of Wittgenstein's later philosophy.
Usage "replaced the" image theory "of the earlier philosophy, and eliminated the transcendental entity of meaning.
The concept of "likeness", as an alternative interpretation of the universal nature, makes the pursuit of essence become a thing of nothing.
After the baptism of anti essentialism, it is proved that the essence of art in the way of traditional essentialism is proved to be
Dead end; but anti essentialism overcorrected, advocating that "the essence of art is a false problem" and completely negate it.
The necessity and possibility of any abstract abstraction is not conducive to promoting knowledge innovation in academic reflection.
Vivtorinox maintains that philosophy is "purely descriptive knowledge", but it is actually a kind of Utopia in epistemology.
State.
Through the study of "family resemblance" expansion, it is essential to excavate the construction function of philosophy.
Righteousness also saves the concept of "essence" and gives three new meanings: namely, the essence 1 is the limited pair.
The common feature of images is that the essence 2 is the most similar characteristics, and the essence 3 is the core characteristics.
Webb's methodology of "ideal type" is combined to deepen classification, comparison and typified research methods.
Transcending the intellectual confrontation between Essentialism and anti essentialism, and publicizing the limited and relatively rational stand.
The essence view is: "essence" is neither the invariant entity identified by the realist nor the proclaimed person.
It is called the hollow symbol; it is for us to grasp the needs of the object and extract some characteristics of the related objects.
A concept of putting out; having the same object has more than one essence, depending on our understanding purpose.
And the method adopted. Therefore, "essence" belongs to the category of epistemology, and its significance lies in: "through essence.
Look at the phenomenon, not the so-called "seeing the essence through the phenomenon".
Based on the new theoretical framework, we can construct a new paradigm of the essence of speech art.
The open system in constant change and new creation seeks to seek eternal, unitary art.
Definition is merely a dream of metaphysical dogmatism.
Different idealistic types also form a family resemblance network, which focuses on works and focuses on works.
The "Convention" is centered on context, and is considered to be the title of art given by context. In the two category,
From the angle of view, the essence of art is in a state of continuous generation.
For "ideal type", it means that we must change our way of thinking and treat it in a relatively rational position.
A dynamic process of artistic creation.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：J0

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