女性形象的诞生

发布时间：2018-09-19 11:44

【摘要】： 他者形象是形象学研究的基本对象。这种形象不是他者现实本身，而是形象的塑造者和表现者根据自己的审美体验、价值取向、理解、欲求创造出来的。在此意义上，女性形象决非女性本身，它是经由型塑者的意识过滤后的产物，是呈载着型塑者自身的思想、观念、情感、意志和欲望的混合物。这种形象源于“自我”与“他者”关系的自觉意识之中，是为两性文化“现实间的差距所作的文学的、非文学的且能说明符指关系的”一种语言性表述。而这种对现实的表述决不等于现实，它负载着大量的文化意义，具有强烈的意识形态性。本文拟从形象的塑造出发，从形象学的角度，宏观考察父权文化中的女性形象，分析其产生的深层心理基础和社会文化根源，揭示其中的权力话语关系及其运作机制。在此基础上，提出了面向未来的生态女性建设和两性伦理乌托邦构想。形象塑造不是对他者现实表象的简单复制，而是一个复杂得多的生产过程，其中形塑者的观看姿态在这一过程中起决定作用，正是观看者所采取的观看姿态如视角、距离、身份、情感态度、先见等，直接影响并决定了形象塑造的不同形态。自有文字记载的历史以来，男性与女性之间基本上表现为二元对立的关系，在主体与客体、塑造者与被塑者、观看者与被看者、再现者与被再现者等对立的双方中，男性永远代表着前者，而女性则永远代表着后者。也就是说，在男人书写的历史中，女人始终是作为绝对的“他者”(the Other)而存在的。各种历史、哲学、文学和其它著作中呈现出来的女性，因表现者自己的观看姿态和情感态度不同而或被美化、理想化或被丑化、妖魔化，由此女性形象往往呈示出两种极端形态：天使与妖妇，圣母与娼妓。但无论哪种形态都不是作为历史存在的真实女性，而是男性欲望投射的结果，是男性的一种文化构想物，一种人为的话语实践。男性用这种虚构的文化上的“他者”来陪衬和确证自身的优越，维护自身的利益。所以，女性形象实际上是男人借以实现自我、确证自我的镜照，是男权主义意识形态建构的具有象征意义的“语言符号”。然而，由于“语言和思想的物化”人们往往以为女性形象就是女性本身，相信对女性的语言性描述就是女性现实。所以，女性形象一旦诞生，便会逐渐成为一种刻板形象或定型观念，表达了全社会对女性的性别角色期待。在实际生活中，，女性形象借助各种大众传媒常比实际的女性先期地到达人们面前，正是形象的这种先行性，使得女性形象成功地置换了作为现实存在的女性本身，赢得了比实际的女性更为优越的地位，并具有了规范、召唤与引领的作用。至于女性的未来，应是一种“明智的、人道的、生态的”女性未来，应是一种走向“平等的、自由的、和谐的”伙伴关系的未来。这种未来表达了一种理想:回归女神，超越“男人/女人”二元论，走向生态女性和两性伦理乌托邦。
[Abstract]:The image of the other is the basic object of iconography. It is not the reality of the other itself, but the image shapers and performers according to their own aesthetic experience, value orientation, understanding, and desire to create. In this sense, the image of women is by no means a woman itself, it is filtered through the consciousness of the shaper, is the product of the presentation. It is a mixture of thoughts, concepts, emotions, will and desires of the sculptor himself. This image originates from the conscious consciousness of the relationship between "self" and "the other" and is a linguistic expression of "literary, non-literary and indicative" for the gap between the two sexes'cultures. In reality, it is loaded with a large number of cultural significance and has a strong ideological. This paper intends to start from the image of the shaping, from the perspective of iconography, macro-examination of the image of women in patriarchal culture, analysis of its deep psychological basis and social and cultural roots, reveal the power discourse relationship and its operation mechanism. The concept of eco feminism and Gender Ethics Utopia in the future is put forward.
Image-building is not a simple reproduction of the real image of the other, but a much more complex production process, in which the viewing posture of the shaper plays a decisive role, it is the viewing posture of the viewer such as perspective, distance, identity, emotional attitude, foresight, etc., which directly affects and determines the different forms of image-building. Since the history of written records, the relationship between men and women has been basically manifested as a binary opposition, in which men always represent the former and women always represent the latter, i.e. in the two opposite sides of the subject and object, the shaper and the sculpted, the viewer and the viewer, the reappearer and the reproduced. Women have always existed as the absolute "other" in history. Women in various historical, philosophical, literary and other works have been beautified, idealized or vilified and demonized because of their different viewing attitudes and emotional attitudes. Angels and witches, virgins and prostitutes. But neither form is a real woman as a historical existence, but the result of male desire projection, a male cultural concept, an artificial discourse practice. Men use this fictional cultural "other" to foil and confirm their own superiority and safeguard their own interests. In fact, the image of women is the mirror of men's self-realization and self-confirmation. It is a symbolic "linguistic symbol" constructed by patriarchal ideology. So, once the female image is born, it will gradually become.
A stereotyped image or stereotype expresses the whole society's expectation of women's sex roles.
In the past, women's images arrive at people in advance with the help of all kinds of mass media.
The antecedent of this image makes the female image successfully replace the female as the real existence and win.
It has a better position than the actual female, and has the function of calling and guiding.
The future of sex should be a "wise, humane, ecological" future for women.
The future of partnership, such as "free, harmonious", represents an ideal: return to women.
God transcends the dualism of "man / woman" and moves towards eco female and Gender Ethics Utopia.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：I042

【引证文献】