文学理解中读者的主观作用

发布时间：2018-11-29 10:06

【摘要】： 无论是文学史还是解释学，对文本、作者及读者在理解文学文本意义的过程中所发挥的作用都有着不同的看法。经典理论强调文本的客观性，认为文本的意义是作者给定的，在解释活动中，文本和作者具有权威的地位，，解释者的解释活动只是被动地去发现文本的原意。随着海德格尔在《存在与时间》中提出的“前见”这一概念，解释者的 “前见”被赋予合法的地位，从而颠覆文本权威。伽达默尔认为艺术解释活动就是主体参加的理解和体验活动，必然带有一定的主观性。从文学理论方面来看，随着“陌生化”等有关文学特性的理论的提出，从60年代起，人们的视线不断转向文学语言的特殊性、读者的身份及文学阅读的过程和性质。特别是后结构主义，它借助“作者之死”换来“读者之生”，强调文本的意义和读者积极参与是分不开的。本文通过对文学文本的特点及阅读过程的分析，说明在理解过程中不存在纯粹的客观性并根据文学史中所划分不同类型的读者，批判性地分析他们在文本阅读过程中的主体作用，强调在客体指引下主体在理解过程中的作用，说明文学阅读活动实际上是一种开放的、动态的建构过程，永远不会静止和终结。
[Abstract]:Whether it is literary history or hermeneutics, the author and the reader have different views on the role of the text in the process of understanding the meaning of the literary text. The classical theory emphasizes the objectivity of the text and holds that the meaning of the text is given by the author. In the explanatory activities, the text and the author have an authoritative position, and the interpreter's interpretive activities only passively discover the original meaning of the text. As Heidegger put forward the concept of "prior view" in being and time, the interpreter's "prior view" is given a legal status, thus subverting the authority of the text. Gadamer believes that artistic interpretation is an activity in which the subject participates in understanding and experiencing, and is bound to be subjective. From the aspect of literary theory, with the development of the theory of "defamiliarization" and other theories about literary characteristics, since the 1960s, people's attention has been constantly turned to the particularity of literary language, the reader's identity and the process and nature of literary reading. In particular, post-structuralism, with the help of the author's death, pays attention to the meaning of the text and the active participation of the reader. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and reading process of literary texts, this paper shows that there is no pure objectivity in the process of understanding and is divided into different types of readers according to the history of literature. By critically analyzing their subjective role in the process of text reading and emphasizing the role of the subject in the process of understanding under the guidance of the object, it is shown that literary reading is in fact an open and dynamic process of construction. Never stop and end.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：I06

【相似文献】