文学文本理解中读者的主观性

发布时间：2019-01-03 13:31

【摘要】：本文主要是论述文学文本理解中读者的主观性。19世纪和20世纪的许多文学理论侧重于作者以及文本在文学活动中作用，而对读者的关注却明显不够。以作者为中心、文本决定一切的文学理论忽视读者的创造性和主观性。传统阐释学认为理解具有客观性，理解文本就是摆脱理解者主观意愿来把握作者的意图，经典文论也宣称文本以及文本的意义是由作者决定的。把作者从文学活动中心地位驱赶出来是文本理论的一大贡献，但宣称文本是语言的产物，文本是自足的、封闭的、独立的，文本的多义性受制于文本结构，这样就使文本落入语言的窠臼中。现代解释学认为作者意图实际并不存在，理解是历史性的存在，理解的历史性构成认识的“偏见”或“前结构”，读者在理解文本过程中根据自身的审美经验或前结构来接受和创造文本。尼采的“上帝死了”的口号以及伊瑟尔的“文本的召唤结构”为人们寻找文本理解的理论提供一条出路。由此“作者死了”，他再也不是意义的权威，当他完成了作品，作者的影响就不存在；读者也因此获得重生，从作者意义权威中释放而出，并进行创造性的建构。文本的召唤结构也体现文本的读者意识。读者对文学文本理解主观性就表现在对作品的欣赏、创作的引导、文本文学价值的实现以及对意义的建构等方面。当然，所有这些并不意味着彻底否定文学文本理解的某种客观性，只不过本文重点是放在论述文学文本理解的主观性而已。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the subjectivity of readers in the understanding of literary texts. Many literary theories in the 19th and 20th centuries focus on the author and the role of texts in literary activities, but the attention to readers is obviously insufficient. The literary theory, centered on the author, neglects the reader's creativity and subjectivity. Traditional hermeneutics holds that understanding is objective, understanding text is to get rid of the subjective will of the interpreter to grasp the author's intention, and the classical literary theory also claims that the text and the meaning of the text are decided by the author. Expelling the author from the center of literary activity is a great contribution to the text theory, but claims that the text is the product of language, that the text is self-sufficient, closed and independent, and that the ambiguity of the text is restricted by the structure of the text. In this way, the text falls into the rut of language. Modern hermeneutics holds that the author's intention does not actually exist, understanding is the historical existence, and the historical understanding constitutes the "prejudice" or "pre-structure" of cognition. In the process of understanding the text, readers accept and create the text according to their own aesthetic experience or pre-structure. Nietzsche's slogan "God is dead" and Iser's "the summoning structure of the text" provide a way out for people to find the theory of text understanding. Thus, "the author dies", he is no longer the authority of meaning, when he completes the work, the author's influence does not exist; the reader is therefore reborn, released from the authority of the author's meaning, and creatively constructed. The summoning structure of the text also embodies the reader's consciousness of the text. The subjectivity of readers' understanding of literary texts lies in the appreciation of works, the guidance of creation, the realization of literary value and the construction of meaning. Of course, all this does not mean completely negating some objectivity of literary text understanding, but the emphasis of this paper is on the subjectivity of literary text understanding.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：I06

【共引文献】