批判与救赎——从存在论美学到生活诗学

发布时间：2019-06-09 18:43

【摘要】：海德格尔美学实质上是“存在诗学”,是其沉思存在之真理的花朵,是对西方传统知识论美学的批判。海氏美学的最大贡献是超脱认识论二元对立,将美学建基于存在之上,使美学自此成为一种有根的科学。艺术论、诗论是其美学核心。(1)艺术论主要从真理的维度,论述真理在艺术中的生成与发生。海氏认为作品的本质就是真理的发生;创作即是对存在之真理的接收和获取,艺术就是对作品中的真理的创作性保藏;现代艺术是异化的艺术,复兴本真艺术具有拯救现代艺术和拯救人类未来的双重使命。(2)诗论主要从道说(本真之语言)的维度,论说诗与艺术、诗与存在、诗与栖居的关系。海氏认为一切艺术本质都是诗;诗乃存在之词语性创建;诗提供人借以诗意栖居的神性尺度。(3)此外,海氏美论也富于启发。如分析艺术作品时从真理的角度指出,美乃真理现身之光亮;分析逻各斯时从存在的角度指出,一切在者之在是最美者;分析自然时从此在的角度指出,同时的迷惑与出神是美的本质。海氏美学以存在为本体,来消解认识论美学分裂的人性,这启示我们未来美学必须以完整的人的存在,即以人的“生活存在”为本体。以生活存在为美学本体,不但使美学脱离象牙塔似的学院化闭塞之境,将美学拉回到活生生的生活世界;而且使美学立足经验世界,给以形而上的超验之维,从而使美学走向更加广阔的视域。从存在到生活存在,预示着美学的主题的变更,意味着从“存在诗学”走向“生活诗学”。生活诗学要重建一种更加浑整复杂的生活观念,即“生命—生活—存在”一体观。立足于西方思想史的生活诗学,有着深刻的理论背景:存在的虚妄、生命的无助、生活的实在。(1)“存在”是西方形而上学的核心概念,存在的虚妄就是西方形而上学的最大特征。存在的虚妄表现有三:一是把一切都看作是存在,一种理性抽象的存在,无视生机勃勃的感性实体,妄想从存在演绎出一切,黑格尔是典型,海德格尔是帮凶。二是把人类的存在或是上帝的存在看成权威,傲视一切其他存在,前者导致践踏自然万物,后者引出无数人世惨案。(2)生命哲学可谓反对存在的虚妄性的第一次集中尝试。而20世纪诸多伟大哲学家对生活的钟情则是反对虚妄存在的另一集体尝试。以“生命”为道路,试图走出以人类“理性存在”为核心的形而上学误区,试图拯救科学主义所带来的现代危机,如今看来越来越显得无助。当代世界命运就是海德格尔所谓的“无家可归”。家园是生活的栖所。越来越多的思想家从不同的视角将关注的目标投向“生活”,这成了世界性的思想潮流。当今世界,不是“存在”,也不是“生命”,而是“生活”成了“核心观念”。(3)生活诗学的终极目标就是希望人们把生活作为在这个世界上的最本真实在(加塞尔),就是希望人们无论将来结果如何都应积极地生活(加谬),都应积极地追求意义和行动从而不断地重新开始创造生活故事(阿伦特),就是积极地在生活实践中确定自己的道德标准(鲍曼)。生活诗学立意在积极生活,它以一种浑整的生活观来审视美、诗以及艺术,得出一些与众不同的结论。(1)生活诗学将美定义为“生活之在的呈现”,旨在强调美是完整的人与完整的生活的共鸣或“异质同构”。完整的人就是“生命的自我—生活的自我—存在的自我”。完整的生活就是“生命—生活—存在”。美的意义主要是提升生活、整全生活进而使我们感念生活。(2)生活诗学还给诗一个包含生命与存在维度在内的整体生活,即三位一体的“生命—生活—存在”。诗的本质为“生活之在的音乐化”。诗有三大人文意义:再造整体存在的人、同击后现代相对主义以及营造和谐的生活世界。(3)站在海德格尔等现当代哲学家的思想高峰之上,凭借莫兰等人倡导的“复杂思维”,生活诗学对艺术与生活之关系老调新弹:艺术是“生活之在的审美形式(化)”。艺术逻辑与生活逻辑异质同构。生活逻辑既不是“非(敌视)逻辑”,也不是“无(没有)逻辑”,而是一种“超逻辑”或“游戏逻辑”。艺术的崇高使命就在于:呈现和追问生活之在的意义与价值。对海德格尔美学的批判与救赎,矛头直指“理论主义”。从头到尾我们都渗透着对理论主义的蔑视,对生活的青睐。没有生活维度的理论都不是好理论。在这个道路上,最大的障碍就是理论主义。因而这篇论文实际上也就是一个书生向理论主义的个体宣战。
[Abstract]:The essence of Heidegger's aesthetics is the "the existence of poetics", which is the flower of the truth of the thought, which is the criticism of the western traditional knowledge theory. The greatest contribution of Hae's aesthetics is the two opposite of the super-de-epistemology, and the aesthetic construction is based on the existence, so that the aesthetics has since become a kind of root science. The theory of art and poetry is the core of its aesthetics. (1) The art theory is mainly from the dimension of the truth, and discusses the formation and the occurrence of the truth in the art. The essence of the works is the occurrence of the truth; the creation is the reception and acquisition of the existence of the truth, the art is the creation of the truth in the work; the modern art is the art of dissimilation, and the revival of the true art has the dual mission of saving the modern art and saving the future of mankind. (2) The theory of poetry is mainly from the dimension of the Tao (the true language), and the relation between the poetry and the art, the poetry and the existence, the poem and the dwelling. It is believed that all the artistic essence is a poem; a poem is the creation of the word; the poem provides the divine dimension of the poetic dwelling. (3) In addition, the Hahlet's theory of beauty is also inspired. For example, from the point of view of the truth from the point of view of the analysis of the art of art, the beauty is the light of the truth; in the analysis of the view from the existing point of view, all the people are the most beautiful; and the analysis of nature from this point of view points out that the simultaneous confusion and the deity are the essence of beauty. Hy's aesthetics exists as a body to digest the human nature of the split of the epistemology. It is a revelation that our future aesthetics must be in the existence of the whole person, that is, the person's" word of life "< "/ trunk> is a body. In the presence of life as an aesthetic body, not only the aesthetic is separated from an ivory tower-like college, but the aesthetics is pulled back to the living world, and the aesthetics is based on the experience world and given the form of the transcendental dimension of the metaphysical, so as to make the aesthetics go." To a broader perspective. From the existence to the existence of life, the change of the subject of the aesthetics means that from the "the existence of poetics" to the "life poetic" ". The life poetics is to rebuild a more complex and complex concept of life, that is," The existence of the lif " e of life " one-in-one view. Based on the life poetics of the western thought history, it has a profound theoretical background: The "exist" is the core concept of the western metaphysics, the existence of the life, the reality of life, and the reality of life. The false is the most characteristic of the western metaphysics. There are three aspects: one is to regard everything as the existence, the existence of a rational abstract, the existence of a rational abstract, and the existence of a dynamic inductive entity, and the delusion from the existence of the present. Hegel is typical, and Heidegger is an accomplice. The other is to regard the existence of human or the existence of God as authority, and to be proud of all other existence, the former trampling on the nature of the nature, the latter leads to a number of human tragedy. (2) The philosophy of life can The first set of attempts to oppose the existence of the false, and the great philosophers of the twentieth century have the right to live. At first sight, it is another collective attempt to oppose the existence of the false. The "life poetics" is the way to try to get out of the metaphysical misconception of" the existence of the life of human life "as the core, and try to save the scientism. The modern crisis, which now seems to be helpless, is Heidegger's so-called "Chunk>" Ho. melessnes "s" . The home is the habitat of life. More and more thinkers focus on the target of" trunk> "life" from different perspectives. The world, not a "exist", is not a "life", but the "life" is" unk> "c (3) The ultimate goal of life poetics is to hope that people live as the most authentic in this world, and that is, it is the hope that people In the future, we should actively pursue the meaning and action so as to re-start the creation of the life story (Arendt). To determine its own moral standard in the practice of living (Bowman). The life poetics is in a positive life, it is a whole The view of life is to look at beauty, poetry and art, and draw some different conclusions. (1) Life poetics defines the beauty as a "The presentation of life", and aims to emphasize that the beauty is the resonance of the whole and the complete life or "heterostructure" .瀹屾暣鐨勪汉灏辨槸 "The self-existence of life and the self-existen The full life is" The exist ence of the life of life" The meaning of beauty is to promote the life, the whole life and make us feel the life. (2) The life poetics is also a whole life including life and the existence of the dimension, that is, the trinity of "The exist" The essence of the poem is < The poem has three humanistic meanings: re-engineering In the presence of the body, the post-modern relativism and the creation of a harmonious life world. (3) Standing on the high peak of the present contemporary philosophers, such as Heidegger, and by virtue of the "complex thinking" advocated by Moran et al., the relationship between the life poetics and the life is the new one: the art is" the "the" the aesthetic form o The life logic is neither a "non-(hostile) logic" nor a "No (no) logic", but a "trunk>" superlogic " or "game logic". The noble mission of art is to present and inquire into the meaning and value of life, and to criticize the Heidegger's aesthetics. And Redeemer. ". From the beginning to the end Permeate the contempt of the theory and the favor of life. The theory of no life dimension is not a good theory. On this road, the greatest
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：I01

【引证文献】