连动结构毗邻原则的认知语义研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 16:53

本文关键词：连动结构毗邻原则的认知语义研究　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文在认知语法理论框架内,以汉语为语料探讨连动结构中动词性成分之间的毗邻关系问题。前人研究大致可分两类。一类是从传统的结构主义角度进行。这类研究多以现象描写为重点,较少探讨两个动词性成分之间的连接关系;即便偶有涉及也多以研究连动结构的某些典型次类为主,并没有全面考察连动现象。另一类研究采取形式语法视角。该类研究考察的语言较多,丰富了我们对连动结构的认识,但也存在缺陷。一是将某种语言的连动结构或所有语言的连动结构视为均一现象,因之未能把握现象内部的丰富性和复杂性。另一缺陷来源于形式句法理论本身:重形式轻语义的理论取向导致此类研究无法探索语义因素对语法结构的决定性作用。本文试图从认知-语义视角为该问题提供一个新的解决思路。研究主要采用了认知语法中的两个理论概念——显影和归地,以及认知语法基于这两个概念对并列结构和从属结构的定义。一般认为显影适合处理单个小句层级的毗邻关系问题,归地适合处理多个小句层级的问题。由于在连动结构中哪个动词性成分在组合层面被显影并不总是十分明显,因此本研究将归地也视为重要因素,作为判断一个连动结构是从属还是并列,或是偏从属/偏并列的依据。在分析部分,本研究首先理出了一个初步但可操作汉语小句归地系统,提出汉语有三种基本归地手段:隐形归地、以情态动词归地以及体标记归地。其中第三个标准和已有观点不同。现有归地理论认为体标记不具有归地作用,在观察汉语事实后,本研究发现汉语体标记"了"、"过"和"正"具有归地作用,而"着"则不具有归地作用。在此基础上,本文对提出的四类连动结构逐类加以分析,发现汉语的连动结构在毗邻关系上呈现出较高程度的复杂性。首先,典型的从属结构有带"着"的方式类连动结构和不及物移动类连动结构;典型的并列结构只有及物的位移类连动结构。其次,动作顺序类连动结构和带"正"的方式类连动结构类似于并列结构,但跟典型的并列结构有些许差别,这些差别主要是由构式本身或者认知处理顺序导致的。第三,兼语类连动结构也偏向并列结构,但和典型并列结构的差别在于此类结构跨越了多个注意窗口,而且并列项之间存在重合。通过研究,本文认为汉语连动结构在毗邻关系问题上呈现出复杂性和多变性,并列和从属等传统的语法概念只能作为比较的原型标准,而不能概括所有现象。此结论启示我们在研究中要充分认识并考虑语言现象的丰富性和复杂性,只有这样才能充分挖掘和认清语言事实,加深我们对语言的理解。
[Abstract]:This thesis, in the framework of cognitive grammar, explores the adjacency relationship between verb elements in the contiguous structure with Chinese as the corpus. Previous studies can be roughly divided into two categories. One is from the perspective of traditional structuralism. Most of these studies focus on phenomenal description, and seldom discuss the connection between two verbal components. Even though they sometimes involve, they mostly study some typical sub classes of serial structures. Another kind of research takes formal grammatical perspective. There are many languages in this study, which enrich our understanding of the structure of continuous motion, but there are also defects. One is that the continuous structure of a certain language or the continuous structure of all languages is regarded as a homogeneous phenomenon, because it fails to grasp the richness and complexity of the phenomenon. Another drawback comes from the theory of formal syntax: the theoretical orientation of emphasizing form and semantics, which leads to such a study unable to explore the decisive role of semantic factors in grammatical structure. This paper attempts to provide a new solution to the problem from the cognitive semantic perspective. The research mainly adopts two theoretical concepts in cognitive grammar, namely, developing and returning to the ground, and the definition of coordinate structure and subordinate structure based on the two concepts of cognitive grammar. It is generally considered that development is suitable for dealing with the adjacent relations of a single sentence level, which is suitable for the problem of dealing with multiple clauses. Because the verb component in the serial structure is not always very visible at the combinatorial level, so this study will also regard it as an important factor. It is a basis for judging whether a serial structure is subordinate or parallel, or is partial / partial. In the analysis part, a preliminary and operable Chinese clause system is put forward in the first part of the study. It is pointed out that there are three basic ways to return to the Chinese clause: invisible land, modal verb and body marker. Third of these standards are different from the existing views. According to the existing theory of land return, body markers do not have the function of returning to earth. After observing the facts of Chinese, we found that Chinese body markers "Li", "Guo" and "Zheng" have the function of returning to the earth, while "zhe" does not have the function of returning to the earth. On this basis, we analyze the four kinds of linked structures by category, and find that Chinese serial structures show higher degree of complexity in the adjacency relationship. First of all, the typical subordinate structure has a serial structure and a transitive mobile serial structure. The typical parallel structure is transitive displacement serial structure. Secondly, the serial structure of action sequence and the serial structure with "positive" way are similar to the parallel structure, but they are somewhat different from the typical parallel structure. These differences are mainly caused by the construction itself or the order of cognitive processing. Third, these distinctions linkage structure tend to parallel structure, parallel structure and typical but the difference is that this kind of structure spanning multiple overlapping and windowing of attention, flexibility. Through research, we think that Chinese serial structure has complexity and variability in the problem of adjacency relations. The traditional grammatical concepts such as coordinate and subordinate can only be used as the prototype standard of comparison, but cannot summarize all phenomena. This conclusion inspires us to fully understand and consider the richness and complexity of linguistic phenomena in the study, so as to fully understand and understand language facts and deepen our understanding of language.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146.3

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