现当代汉语小说中“那个”一词的模糊义研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 10:15

本文关键词：现当代汉语小说中“那个”一词的模糊义研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文旨在研究“那个”一词在现当代汉语小说中的模糊意义。“那个”一词在汉语中十分常见,和英文单词"that"无论在意义还是在用法上都极为相似。在目前的研究中,该词通常被视为远指指示代词或作为限定词用在名词或名词词组前,很多语言学家在这些方面也做了相当深入的研究。近年来,“那个”作为谓词表达贬义的用法得到了越来越多的关注。然而该词的谓词用法属于其语义模糊的一种,且远不止于此。因此本文将系统探讨该词的模糊语义方面。本文选中的材料主要选自历届茅盾文学奖的获奖作品。除此之外,部分例子选自于北京大学中国语言学研究中心现代汉语语料库。研究中使用评价理论、交互主观性及其他相关理论如礼貌原则和面子理论,将所有的语料进行进一步的分类及分析,从而对“那个”的模糊语义做一个相对全面的分析。研究结果发现,“那个”一词的形容词性用法和该词的某些其它用法(单独使用时替代名词和动词,以及用在“东西”“事”等名词之前时)有很多相似之处。虽然用法不同,它们都用于替代说话者或作者不想直接表述的事物,从而达到避免尴尬或避免表现得不礼貌。尽管说话者(或作者)没有直接表述具体所指,听话者(或读者)仍然能够根据上下文毫无障碍地理解“那个”的所指。因此“那个”一词以上的用法可以归结在一起作为“模糊性”讨论。本文中将该词的模糊性分为两类：互通性模糊指称,和互通性模糊修饰。前者指的是“那个”一词单独使用并表达模糊含义的情况,后者指的是“那个”一词用于“那个+NP”的结构中并表达模糊含义。据此,本文对“那个”在小说中的分布情况从数量、语义及功能三个方面作了归纳分析。当“那个”用于表达模糊含义时,说话者(或作者)刻意地模糊了语义界线,这一点很明显违反了格莱斯的合作原则中方式准则下的“避免歧义”的次准则,却遵循了礼貌原则和面子理论。另外,依据互动主观性的理论,人们不愿意直接表述一些文化上令人尴尬的事情(如死亡、性等),而倾向于使用“那个”一词代替,这是因为人们在交际中考虑到听话者(或读者)的感情和反应的表现。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the vague meaning of the word "that" in modern and contemporary Chinese novels, and the word "that" is very common in Chinese. The word "that" is very similar to the English word "that" in meaning and usage. In current studies, the word is usually regarded as a distant demonstrative pronoun or as a qualifier before a noun or noun phrase. Many linguists have also done some in-depth research in these fields. More and more attention has been paid to the use of "that" as a predicate to express derogatory meaning. However, the predicate usage of the word belongs to one of its semantic ambiguity. Therefore, this paper will systematically explore the fuzzy semantic aspects of the word. The material selected in this paper is mainly selected from the winning works of Mao Dun Literature Award. Some examples are taken from the Modern Chinese Corpus of the Center of Chinese Linguistics of Peking University. Evaluation theory, interactive subjectivity and other relevant theories such as politeness principle and face theory are used in the study. All the data are further classified and analyzed to make a relatively comprehensive analysis of the fuzzy semantics of "that". There are many similarities between the adjective use of the word "that" and certain other uses of the word (replacing nouns and verbs when used alone, and before nouns such as "things"). They are used to replace things that the speaker or author does not want to express directly in order to avoid embarrassment or to behave impolitely, even though the speaker (or author) does not directly state the specific reference. Hearer (or reader). It is still possible to understand the meaning of "that" without hindrance according to the context. Therefore, the use of more than the word "that" can be summed up as a discussion of "fuzziness." in this article, the fuzziness of the word is divided into two categories:. Interworking fuzzy reference. The former refers to the case in which the word "that" is used alone and expresses the fuzzy meaning, the latter refers to the word "that" being used in the structure of the "NP" and expressing the ambiguous meaning. This paper sums up and analyzes the distribution of "that" in the novel from three aspects: quantity, semantics and function. When "that" is used to express vague meaning, the speaker (or author) deliberately blurs the semantic boundary. This obviously violates the principle of "avoiding ambiguity" under Grice's principle of cooperation, but it follows the principle of politeness and the theory of face. In addition, it is based on the theory of interactive subjectivity. People do not want to express directly something culturally embarrassing (such as death, sex, etc.) and prefer to use the word "that" instead. This is because people take into account the feelings and reactions of the listener (or reader) in communication.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136

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