语言类型学视野下的越南语、汉语形容词重叠对比研究
发布时间：2018-01-22 10:42
本文关键词： 重叠词 类型学 形态 象似性 越汉对比 形容词重叠构词 构形 出处：《华东师范大学》2013年博士论文 论文类型：学位论文
【摘要】：重叠词(Reduplication)是人类语言中普遍的现象,尤其是形态不丰富的语言,如孤立语,重叠是重要的构造手段。正如洪堡特(1767-1835)(2006：348)所言,“每个重复的语音表达的都是整个客体；但通过语音重复,某种微小的色彩被增添到这个表达上,不是一种纯粹的强化,以使获得印象得到更生动的描写,就是表示重复出现的客体。由此,重叠多为形容词,因为形容词表达的是事物的性状,而性状有别于单个的物体,它好比一个平面,可以在同一空间内到处出现。”然而,即使同属孤立语的语言,其形容词重叠的表现也存在共性与差异。这也是本文进行越、汉形容词重叠对比研究的主要原因。 重叠词属于形态现象。形态现象的主要内容分为构词与构形两大类。本文将重叠看做一种形态运作机制,通过重叠机制产生词汇意义属于构词重叠。反之,通过重叠方式来表达一定的语法意义,就属于构形重叠。将重叠看做一种机制是把重叠作为整个能产的运作系统来看待的,其中也体现了构词与构形在重叠机制内部之间的相互联系。 本文以语言类型学、形态学、认知语言学为视角,通过对越、汉形容词构词与构形重叠的对比分析,深入探讨形容词重叠在这两种语言中的相同与差异。本文的对比研究是建立在重叠词的类型学框架下进行的。本文首先通过对30多种语言的考查,构建了重叠词的类型学框架,从中探寻出孤立语(重叠词)的类型学地位,并在这一框架下进行越、汉形容词重叠的对比研究。本文在讨论重叠词的构造过程中,运用了认知语言学理论来解释重叠词构造的认知理据与重叠词在类型学中蕴含共性的动因。 本文共八章,主要内容如下： 第一章是绪论,主要介绍选题原由及研究意义、研究综述、理论基础、研究方法与语料来源。这章主要以形容词重叠为线索对汉、越形容词重叠的研究文献进行梳理,在现状分析的基础上提出不足之处,确立本文的研究目标与研究方法。在理论基础部分,本文以重叠词为核心,阐释不同类型的语言中重叠词的表现。本文在阐释象似性的理论基础上建立了本文所运用的基本框架。 第二章探讨语言类型学中构词重叠的普遍性。这章首先运用了象似性理论中音义象似、语音象征(sound symbolism)来解释构词重叠的认知理据,认知上的相似是构词重叠蕴含共性的动因,之后通过研究越南语、汉语、日语、英语等的拟声、拟态重叠词的构造特征及语音与语义之间的相应联系来讨论构词重叠在类型学中的普遍性。 第三章探讨语言类型学中构形重叠的普遍性。主要运用了象似性中“复杂化的形态是复杂化的语义”来解释构形重叠的构造认知理据。认知上的相似是构形重叠蕴含共性的动因。通过对三十多种语言的考察,发现构形重叠通常用来表达如下的语义范畴：1、表数。主要通过名词重叠来表复数、泛指；2、表体。通过动词重叠来表动作的反复、进程(如增强、持续、分散、完成)、轻微、短时、尝试；3、表性状。主要通过形容词重叠来表性状程度的增减及性状的形象化意义。本文通过对越南语、汉语、日语、俄语、Karok语等的构形重叠所表达的相同的语义范畴在构造特征,形态变化规律等方面的研究来讨论构形重叠在语言类型学中的普遍性。 第四章是越汉形容词构词重叠的对比。首先探讨越汉构词法与重叠词的构造特征、重叠词的各类方式。之后,对越、汉AA式零基式的构造起源、语法功能、语音及语义进行对比分析。在语义方面,通过表延续、程度高,语音象征化意义等方面来对比越汉AA零基式语义上的异同。 第五章是对越、汉ABB式的构造、语音及语义进行对比分析,并讨论了汉语特有的重叠方式(AABB零基式)、越南语特有的重叠方式(单音节部分重叠词)。 第六章将越汉AA有基式的构造、语音与语义等方面与多音节重叠词进行了对比分析,阐释了越南语特有AAA式的构形特征。 第七章是在第二、三章(语言类型学中重叠词现象的普遍性)与第四、五、六章(越、汉形容词重叠对比)的基础上进一步从类型学视角探讨孤立语中重叠词现象的类型特征。旨在从共性中寻找差异,在差异中寻找共性,进而建构一个较为完整的类型学框架。 最后(第八章)是论文的结语,主要讨论了本文研究的主要成果、研究的创新之处、研究的局限性以及对今后研究的展望。
[Abstract]:Reduplication (Reduplication) is a common phenomenon in human languages, especially the form rich language, such as isolated language is an important means of constructing overlap. As Humboldt (1767-1835) (2006:348) said, "the expression of each repeat speech is the object; but through speech repetition, some small color was added to this expression, it is not a pure enhancement, to get a more vivid description of the impression, is that the object of repetition. Thus, multiple overlapping adjectives, as adjectives to describe an object's characters, and characters are different from a single object, it is like a plane. Can appear everywhere in the same space." however, even if isolated language, the adjective reduplication performance also has similarities and differences. This is also the main reason of the Han Dynasty, describe overlapping contrast words.
The reduplication form belongs to the phenomenon. The main contents are divided into the form of phenomenon of word formation and configuration of two categories. This paper will overlap as a morphological operation mechanism, through the mechanism of the generation of lexical meaning of word overlap belongs to overlap. On the other hand, through the overlapping way to express certain grammatical meaning, it belongs to the configuration will overlap as overlap. A mechanism is to overlap as the operating system can produce the whole view, which also reflects the relationship between overlapping word formation and configuration in the internal mechanism.
In this paper, language typology, morphology, the perspective of cognitive linguistics, based on the analysis of the contrast, Han describe overlapping word formation and configuration, discusses similarities and differences of adjectives overlap in the two languages. This comparative study is based on the type of overlapping words learning under the framework of the first. Based on the 30 kinds of language test, construct the type of reduplication theory, explores the isolated language from (reduplication) of the typological status, and more in this framework, the Chinese describe comparative studies of word overlap. The reduplication construction process of discussion, using the theory of cognitive linguistics to explain the overlapping word structure cognitive motivation motivation contains commonness and reduplication in typology.
This paper consists of eight chapters. The main contents are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction, mainly introduces the reason and significance of research, literature review, theoretical basis, research methods and data sources. This chapter mainly takes the adjective reduplication as a clue to the Han, the described research literature to sort out the word overlap, is proposed based on the analysis of current situation deficiencies, establish the research target and research methods in this paper. In the theory part of this paper to overlapping words as the core, the performance of different types of overlapping words interpretation of language. This paper explains the basic theory on iconicity is established on the basic framework of the article.
The second chapter discusses the universality of overlap in language typology of word formation. This chapter uses the theory of iconicity meaning Alto iconicity, sound symbolism (sound symbolism) to explain the formation of overlapping cognitive motivation, cognitive motivation of word formation is similar to the overlap of implicational universals, then through the study of Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, English the corresponding relationship between onomatopoeia and mimicry reduplication of phonetic and semantic structural features and to discuss the universality of derivational reduplication in typology.
绗笁绔犳帰璁ㄨ瑷，
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