认知视角下英汉语颜色词“黑”、“白”的隐喻对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 14:27

本文关键词： 概念隐喻颜色词相似性差异性　出处：《河南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：隐喻研究引起了众多语言学家的密切关注。传统的语言学家将隐喻看作是语言形式上的修辞，是语言装饰的手段，因而只是修辞学、文学和文体学研究的对象。近期的认知语言学家和心理学家的研究表明隐喻是人们对抽象概念认识和表达的强有力工具，是一种基于身体体验的认知机制，普遍存在于人们的语言和生活中。颜色是人们对客观世界的一种感知，在人类语言中存在着大量记录颜色的符号—颜色词。这些颜色词在语言中广泛地被使用，从而具有丰富的隐喻意义。但是与空间隐喻、时间隐喻、情感隐喻等隐喻相比，颜色隐喻的关注度并非很高。作为一种重要的隐喻，颜色词隐喻是指以颜色域为始源域，将颜色域的意象图式映射到非颜色的、抽象域上，使人们可以通过颜色概念来理解、思考、和谈论抽象的复杂的概念。本文以概念隐喻理论为依据，，以英汉语中颜色词“黑色”和“白色”为例，对其隐喻现象进行比较研究，旨在找出导致它们隐喻意义的相似性和差异性的原因。本文的英语语料主要选自于LOB，汉语语料主要选自于LCMC，这两种语料包含了多种题材，同时两个语料相对应，便于进行英语和汉语的对比研究。在进行语料分析时，借助于Antconc中的concordance（语汇索引）的功能，可以查看到颜色词的语境。就颜色词的隐喻意义而言：一方面，基于人类某些共同的生理基础和认知特征，颜色词在不同的民族中有着共同的或相似的隐喻意义；另一方面，由于各个国家的文化是不同的，传统习惯、宗教信仰、历史背景以及个人认识都会导致对事物产生不同的认识，因此各民族在使用颜色词去描绘某一现象时会有各自的倾向，产生不同的认知概念，颜色词的隐喻意义也就有了差异。全文共分为五个部分。第一部分简要介绍研究主题，提出本研究的意义，研究的目标以及文章的结构。第二部分回顾了国内外主要的传统隐喻理论和当代认知隐喻理论，尤其阐述了本文的理论基础：Lakoff and Johnson的概念隐喻理论。第三部分介绍本研究的研究方法，提出了研究问题，指出语料收集的途径，进行具体数据分析的方法和步骤。第四部分是文章的主体部分。通过分析中英文两个语料库中的语料，找出英汉语中黑色和白色常用的隐喻意义，对其隐喻意义进行分类比较并给出实例，在数据分析的基础上具体讨论英汉语中黑色和白色隐喻意义的相似性和差异性，并从认知和文化两方面讨论导致存在这些相似性和差异性的可能原因。第五部分是结论，总结本文的研究发现，提出本研究的局限性和未来研究的努力方向。
[Abstract]:The study of metaphor has attracted the close attention of many linguists. Traditional linguists regard metaphor as a rhetorical figure of speech and a means of language decoration, so it is only rhetoric. Recent studies by cognitive linguists and psychologists show that metaphor is a powerful tool for people to understand and express abstract concepts and is a cognitive mechanism based on physical experience. It is common in people's language and life. Color is a kind of perception of the objective world. There are a lot of color words that record color in human language. These color words are widely used in language. However, compared with space metaphor, time metaphor and emotional metaphor, color metaphor has less attention than other metaphors such as space metaphor, time metaphor and emotional metaphor. As an important metaphor, color metaphor is a kind of important metaphor. Color term metaphor is a complex concept that can be understood, pondered, and talked about by the color concept by mapping the image schema of the color field to the non-color, abstract field. Based on the theory of conceptual metaphor and taking the color words "black" and "white" in English and Chinese as examples, this paper makes a comparative study of their metaphorical phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to find out the reasons for the similarities and differences of their metaphorical meanings. The English corpus and the Chinese corpus are mainly selected from LOB and the Chinese corpus mainly from LCMC. These two kinds of data contain a variety of subjects. At the same time, the two corpora correspond to each other, which is convenient for the contrastive study of English and Chinese. In the process of corpus analysis, the function of concordance (vocabulary index) in Antconc is used. As far as the metaphorical meaning of color words is concerned, on the one hand, they are based on some common physiological basis and cognitive characteristics of human beings. Color words have a common or similar metaphorical meaning in different ethnic groups. On the other hand, because each country's culture is different, the traditional custom, the religious belief, the historical background as well as the personal understanding all can result in the different understanding to the thing. Therefore, different ethnic groups tend to use color words to describe a certain phenomenon, resulting in different cognitive concepts and different metaphorical meanings of color words. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part briefly introduces the research topic and puts forward the significance of this study. The second part reviews the main domestic and foreign traditional metaphor theory and contemporary cognitive metaphor theory. In particular, the theoretical basis of this paper is the conceptual metaphor theory proposed by the President Lakoff and Johnson. The third part introduces the research methods of this study and puts forward the research problems. The paper points out the ways of data collection, the methods and steps of data analysis. Part 4th is the main part of the article. It analyzes the corpus of both Chinese and English. The metaphorical meanings commonly used in black and white in English and Chinese are found, and their metaphorical meanings are classified and compared with examples. On the basis of data analysis, the similarities and differences of black and white metaphorical meanings in English and Chinese are discussed in detail. The paper also discusses the possible causes of these similarities and differences from cognitive and cultural aspects. Part 5th is the conclusion, summarizes the findings of this study, and puts forward the limitations of this study and the direction of future research.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H313;H136

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