汉语双音合成词构词法研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 22:41

本文关键词： 汉语合成词构词法语法语义语音　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语的构词法问题在传统训诂学里已零星提及,到了现代,其研究一般以1898年马建忠的《马氏文通》做为起点,认为他“提供了现代化的构词研究雏形”。继《马氏文通》之后,汉语合成词的构词法问题逐渐受到汉语学界的关注和重视,相继出现不少研究成果。但是诸家分类各有不同,表现为：构词类型的不同；名称的不同；相同或相近的名类下所含的内容不同；对于一些词的归类不同等。这些分歧在一定程度上反映出了学者研究角度各有侧重：或重于句法,或重于语义,或重于语音。本论文即从语法、语义、语音三个角度切入,结合基于《汉语大词典》整理而成的双音合成词语料,采用理论与实际相结合、定量与定性分析相结合、传统汉语研究与西方现代理论相结合等方法,梳理了一百多年构词法研究的发展脉络并加以分析。第一部分是语法角度,比照句法结构研究汉语构词法的学者提出了偏正、动宾、并列、主谓、述补等各种分类。但是经过语料分析,发现单纯比附句法结构来研究汉语双音合成词的结构,对人们真正了解一个双音词的帮助其实并不大。因为在形式和意义这一对范畴当中,起决定因素的是意义,而非形式。第二部分是语义角度,对于汉语这种缺乏形式变化的语言,语义研究尤为重要。所以研究汉语合成词构词法,要深入到词语内部去挖掘词素与词素之间的关系以及词素义与词义之间的关系,并结合造词之初的词义去剖析其结构,探索在一个复杂的语义结构转化为一个固定的词语形式这一过程中的关键因素。第三部分是语音角度,分音节、声调、韵律三个部分介绍了汉语双音合成词的构词研究,这一部分是构词法研究的新视角,郭绍虞、冯胜利等人分别提出了“弹性说”和“韵律构词”等重要理论。总结分析,无论从语法、语义还是语音角度来研究汉语合成词的构词法,都有其可取之处。王宁指出的汉语构词的“非句法性”,提倡从语义角度研究构词规律,并非否认了从语法角度研究汉语构词的成果,相反,是要将二者结合起来,共同深化构词法理论,分立句法构词法系统和语义构词法系统,不同角度的研究共存共用,会更贴近合成词结构状况的实际。
[Abstract]:The problem of Chinese word-formation has been mentioned sporadically in the traditional exegetics. In modern times, its research generally starts with Ma Jian-zhong 's Ma Shi Wen Tong in 1898. It is believed that he "provides the embryonic form of modern word-formation study". After "Ma Shi Wen Tong", the problem of word formation of Chinese compound words has been paid more and more attention by Chinese scholars. A lot of research results have appeared in succession. However, the classification of different families is different, which shows as follows: different types of word-formation; Different names; The contents contained under the same or similar category of names are different; To some extent, some words are classified differently. To a certain extent, these differences reflect the different perspectives of scholars: they are more important than syntax, or more important than semantics, or more important than phonetics. This thesis focuses on grammar and semantics. From three angles of speech, combining the binosyllabic compound words based on the Chinese Dictionary, combining theory with practice, quantitative and qualitative analysis. By combining traditional Chinese studies with modern western theories, the author combs the development of word-formation studies for more than 100 years and analyzes them. The first part is the grammatical perspective. According to the syntactic structure of Chinese word-formation scholars put forward a variety of classification such as bias, object, juxtaposition, subject-predicate, predicate and complement, but through corpus analysis. It is found that the study of the structure of Chinese disyllabic compound words with simple syntactic structure is of little help to the understanding of a disyllabic word, because it is in the category of form and meaning. The second part is the semantic perspective, for the lack of formal changes in Chinese language, semantic research is particularly important. Therefore, the study of Chinese word formation synthetic words. It is necessary to explore the relationship between morpheme and morpheme and the relationship between morpheme meaning and word meaning, and to analyze the structure of morpheme by combining the word meaning at the beginning of word creation. Explore the key factors in the process of transforming a complex semantic structure into a fixed word form. The third part is phonological angle, syllable, tone. Three parts of prosody introduce the word formation of Chinese dicyllabic compound words, this part is a new perspective of word-formation research, Guo Shaoyu. Feng Shengli and others put forward some important theories, such as "elasticity theory" and "rhyme word-formation", and summarized and analyzed the word-formation of Chinese compound words from the angles of grammar, semantics and phonetics. Wang Ning points out the "non-syntactic nature" of Chinese word-formation, which advocates studying the rules of word-formation from the semantic point of view, and does not deny the achievements of studying Chinese word-formation from the perspective of grammar. It is necessary to combine the two theories, deepen the theory of word-formation, separate syntactic formation system and semantic word-formation system, and study from different angles, which will be closer to the reality of the structure of compound words.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H14

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