汉语放置动词的句法语义研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 06:33

本文关键词： 放置动词放置事件句法语义论元配置　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：放置动词作为有其独特性的一类动词，在句法语义方面值得深入研究。文选取较典型的放置动词作为研究对象，试图通过对放置动词的界定、分类及句法语义特点的描写来全面揭示这类动词。首先，我们给放置动词在语义上给予定义，然后设定一个句法框架来确定本文的研究范围，符合放置动词定义而且能进入我们的句法框架的动词就是我们所要研究的放置动词。经过筛选，最后进入本文研究的放置动词共有44个。论文共分为四部分，第一部分是关于放置动词的界定和分类问题，我们给放置动词的下的定义为：某人控制某物，通过动作致使某物位移到某处，，并占据一定的位置。我们设定了一个句法框架NP1施+PL位+V+NP2受来界定放置动词的范围，然后根据放置后，放置客体跟放置处所的空间位置关系，我们把放置动词分为四类：一类是以“擦、抹、敷”为代表的“擦抹”类放置动词，一类是以“放、摆、挂”为代表的“摆放”类放置动词，一类是以“盛、填、塞”为代表的“填充”类放置动词以及以“缠、盖、包”为代表的“覆盖”类放置动词。第二部分主要谈放置动词的语义。我们把放置动词的语义特征归纳为：“控制义”，“致使义”，“位移义”和“占据义”，同时我们也概括出了放置动词各小类的语义特征。通过对放置动词支配能力的分析，我们发现，填充类和覆盖类放置动词都具有双向支配能力，而摆放类放置动词没有。根据放置动词的语义特点，我们可以确定，摆放类放置动词是放置动词的原型。第三部分是本文的重点章节，本章对放置动词的论元配置和句法表现进行了分析，当三个论元共现时，放置动词的放置义比较完整，且都有动态义，此时放置动词都能进入的句式有：NP1施+PL位+V+NP2受、NPI+把NP3+V+PL和NP1施+动作+V+PL。当两个论元共现时放置动词的放置义不再那么完整，丧失了动态特征，都只表示静态义。同时还对放置动词与其他论元共现的情况进行了简单分析。最后，本文集中对放置事件与放置动词的关系、放置动词的意义与论元配置变化的关系以及放置动词的原型系统进行了集中探讨，并指出了本文的不足。
[Abstract]:As a unique kind of verbs, placement verbs are worthy of further study in syntactic and semantic aspects. In this paper, a more typical placement verb is chosen as the object of study, trying to define placement verbs. The description of classification and syntactic and semantic features reveals these verbs. First, we define the placement verbs semantically, and then set up a syntactic framework to determine the scope of this study. The verbs which accord with the definition of placement verbs and can enter into our syntactic frame are the placement verbs we are going to study. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part is about the definition and classification of placement verbs. And occupy a certain position. We set up a syntactic frame NP1 with PL V NP2 to define the scope of the placement verb, and then according to the placement after. The relationship between the placement object and the space position of the place is divided into four categories: one is "wipe, wipe, apply" as the representative, and the other is "put, pendulum". The type of placement verbs represented by "hang" is "fill" and "cover", which are represented by "Sheng, fill and plug", and "overlay" verbs represented by "wrap, cover and wrap". In the second part, we summarize the semantic features of placement verbs as "controlling meaning", "causative meaning", "displacement meaning" and "occupying meaning". At the same time, we also generalize the semantic characteristics of each subclass of placement verbs. Through the analysis of the dominance ability of placement verbs, we find that both filled classes and cover classes have bidirectional dominance. According to the semantic characteristics of the placement verbs, we can confirm that the placement class placement verbs are the prototype of the placement verbs. The third part is the key chapter of this paper. This chapter analyzes the argument configuration and syntactic expression of the placement verb. When the three arguments are present, the placement meaning of the placement verb is relatively complete and all have dynamic meaning. At this time, the verb placement can enter the sentence structure: NP1 with PL V NP2 received. NPI puts NP3 V PL and NP1 into action V PL.When the two arguments put the verb together, the placement meaning of the verb is no longer so complete, and the dynamic feature is lost. At the same time, the situation of placing verbs with other arguments is analyzed briefly. Finally, this paper focuses on the relationship between placement events and placement verbs, the relationship between the meaning of placement verbs and the change of argument configuration, and the prototype system of placement verbs, and points out the shortcomings of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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