委婉语的转喻生成机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 20:54

本文关键词： 委婉语生成机制概念转喻理想化认知模型(ICM)　出处：《中国石油大学（华东）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：委婉语是人类日常语言活动中不可或缺的调味剂，它凭借自己的技巧即用礼貌避免忌讳为自己赢得了一席之地。它能赋予平淡无奇的表意艺术性，能使尖锐苛刻的表意变得柔和化，从而缓解人与人之间的矛盾，维持人与人之间的友好关系。委婉语，这一奇妙的智慧结晶，犹如一个巨大的迷宫，关于它的每一个细节都值得我们细心探索。然而，近年来人们对它的研究大多从语用、语义角度进行，从认知语言学角度对其进行的考量相对来说较为欠缺。过去几年有不少学者针对委婉语的生成机制进行了一系列探索，但从认知语言学的角度尤其是从转喻的角度对其生成机制的探索还不多见。上世纪八十年代以来，认知语言学的迅猛崛起为语言研究中一些遗留下来的难题提供了新的解决思路和方法。其中之一的转喻，不再被认为仅仅是一种修辞手法，而是同隐喻一样，是一种在人类认知世界过程中起重要作用的概念现象。转喻的认知基础即突显性和临近性使其对大千世界中的各种语言现象能给予合理的解释。概念转喻是源于同一认知域中两个有关联的概念实体之间的映射，是一种替代现象，而委婉语也是用一种礼貌的表达代替所避讳的内容，只不过对两个实体有一定的要求。所以本文认为委婉语的生成机制能够在转喻理论下得到更深刻的解释。转喻的实现和委婉语的认知阐释离不开理想化认知模型（ICM）。基于此，本文首先结合实例系统地分析了理想化认知模型下委婉语的生成，，随后进一步探索了从语音到语用各个语言层次上委婉语的转喻生成机制。研究发现委婉语的生成在本质上是基于转喻思维的，无论在日常生活还是在正式场合中，正是人们掌握了转喻思维的方式，才能维持良好的人际关系或者达到特定的目的，并显示出自身高雅的素质。转喻也帮我们更深刻地认识了委婉语，同时证明了转喻这一认知理论的实践意义和地位，为委婉语的研究提供了一个全新的视角。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is an indispensable condiment in human daily language activities, and it gains a place for itself by virtue of one's own skills, that is, politeness to avoid taboos. Can soften sharp and harsh ideas, ease conflicts between people, maintain friendly relations between people. Euphemism, this wonderful crystallization of wisdom is like a great maze, Every detail about it is worth our careful exploration. However, in recent years, people have mostly studied it from the perspective of pragmatics and semantics. In the past few years, many scholars have made a series of explorations on the formation mechanism of euphemism. However, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, especially from the perspective of metonymy, it is rare to explore the mechanism of its formation. Since -20s, the rapid rise of cognitive linguistics has provided new ideas and methods for solving some problems left over in language research. Metonymy, one of which is no longer regarded as merely a rhetorical device. But just like metaphor, Metonymy is a conceptual phenomenon that plays an important role in the process of human cognition of the world. The cognitive basis of metonymy, i.e. salience and proximity, enables it to give a reasonable explanation of various linguistic phenomena in the world. Conceptual metonymy is derived from. Mapping between two associated conceptual entities in the same cognitive domain, Euphemism is a substitute phenomenon, and euphemism is a kind of polite expression to replace the taboo content, but there are some requirements for the two entities. Therefore, this paper argues that the mechanism of euphemism can be explained more deeply under metonymy theory. The realization of metonymy and the cognitive interpretation of euphemism can not be separated from the idealized cognitive model. Then it further explores the metonymy generation mechanism of euphemism at all linguistic levels from pronunciation to pragmatics. It is found that the generation of euphemism is essentially metonymy based on metonymy thinking, both in daily life and in formal situations. It is people who master the metonymy way of thinking in order to maintain good interpersonal relationships or achieve certain goals and show their elegant qualities. Metonymy also helps us to understand euphemism more deeply. It also proves the practical significance and status of metonymy, which provides a new perspective for the study of euphemism.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学（华东）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030

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