从外延内涵传承理论看名词动用

发布时间：2018-02-12 00:40

本文关键词： 名词动用转喻隐喻外延内涵传承　出处：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：名词动用是指名词不添加任何词缀转换成为动词使用。名词动用在英语和汉语中是一种普遍的语言现象。国内外学者已经从不同角度做过相关的研究，包括语义学，句法学，语用学和修辞学等角度。但是相关的研究并没有探讨名词动用现象背后的认知机制。认知语言学的相关研究表明名词动用的运作机制是隐喻和转喻。最根本的是转喻在起作用。名词动用是表事物概念的名词转化为表动作概念的动词。认知语言学的相关研究只指出了名词动用的操作机制，却没有深入研究名词动用的转喻机制是如何运作的。是什么原因导致名词转化为动词成为可能。名词概念转化为动作概念，其中介是什么？本文在名动转用的相关研究基础之上，运用徐盛桓提出的有关转喻的新研究外延内涵传承说理论，尝试性地分析名动转用的深层原因。得出结论，名词之所以能够转化为动词是因为名词和转类后动词之间内涵和外延的传承。名词指代事物，事物的概念是有内涵的，动词所体现的动作行为正是名词所体现的事物的概念内涵中的某一属性特征。因此可以看成是名词将其自身的某方面的内涵特征传承给了动词。名词的内涵特征可以从结构和位置，特征和属性，，生成和来源以及功能和作用等方面来分析。名词的内涵属性不是单一的，是丰富的。一个名词包含很多内涵属性。在名词转换为动词的时候，是哪个特征属性得以传承给转类后的动词？比如在他总是熊我这句话中，名词熊的内涵属性包括严厉，脾气坏的，木讷的，笨拙的等。究竟是哪一个特征属性得以传承？该论文尝试性地总结出几种影响传承的因素，比如说话者的交际指向和目的，名词内涵属性的认知可及性，交际语境以及交际双方的文化背景等都是影响因素。名词动用可以弥补词汇中动词的不足，满足使用者的经济求简心理。而且特殊语境下名词动用之后会使得表达更加生动幽默诙谐。然而并非所有的名词都可以转化为动词使用而不受任何限制。交际双方拥有共同的知识背景以及语境都可以影响一个名词是否可以转化为动词使用。综上所述，名词动用现象之所以成为可能，其背后的深层原因是名词所体现的事物的内涵特征传承给了动词所体现的动作。外延内涵之间的传承是名词转化为动词的根本原因。
[Abstract]:Noun usage means that nouns do not add any affixes to be used as verbs. Noun usage is a common linguistic phenomenon in English and Chinese. Scholars at home and abroad have done relevant research from different angles, including semantics and syntax. Pragmatics and rhetoric. However, the related studies have not explored the cognitive mechanism behind the phenomenon of noun use. The relevant studies in cognitive linguistics show that the operational mechanism of noun usage is metaphor and metonymy. Metonymy comes into play. Noun usage is a verb that transforms a noun into a verbal action concept. Relevant studies in cognitive linguistics only point out the operational mechanism of noun use. However, there is no in-depth study on how the metonymy mechanism of noun use works. What causes the noun to be transformed into a verb, and what is the intermediary between the noun concept and the action concept? On the basis of the relevant research on the conversion of noun and motion, this paper applies Xu Shenghuan's theory of extension and inheritance of metonymy, and tries to analyze the deep reasons of the diversion of noun and movement.Conclusion is reached. The reason why nouns can be transformed into verbs is because of the inheritance of intension and extension between nouns and post-class verbs. Nouns refer to things and the concept of things has connotations. The action behavior reflected by a verb is just an attribute characteristic of the concept connotation of a thing embodied by a noun. Therefore, it can be regarded as a noun passing on to the verb the connotation characteristic of its own aspect. From the structure and the location, Features and attributes, generation and source, function and function are analyzed. The connotation attribute of a noun is not single, it is rich. A noun contains many connotative attributes. When a noun is converted into a verb, which characteristic attribute can be passed on to the verb after the transfer? For example, in his words always bear me, the connotation of the noun bear attributes include harsh, ill-tempered, dull, clumsy and so on. Which characteristic attribute is passed on? This paper tries to summarize several factors that influence the transmission, such as the speaker's communicative direction and purpose, the cognitive accessibility of the noun connotation, the context of communication and the cultural background of both communicators. The use of nouns can make up for the lack of verbs in the vocabulary, The use of nouns in a special context will make the expression more vivid and humorous. However, not all nouns can be transformed into verbs without any restriction. Both the common knowledge background and context can influence whether a noun can be transformed into a verb. To sum up, the use of nouns is possible. The deep reason behind it is that the connotation characteristic of the thing embodied by the noun inherits to the action reflected by the verb, and the inheritance of the extension intension is the fundamental reason why the noun is transformed into the verb.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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