外国学生汉语特殊疑问句句法启动现象研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 01:15

本文关键词： 第二语言习得特殊疑问句句法启动　出处：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：启动,指的是人们先前接触过的语言形式或意义会影响随后的语言产出。启动现象存在多种表现,其中句法启动是受到学界关注的一个重要研究范畴。句法启动现象的存在前提是人类语言的多样性,即,在同一种语言中可以使用两种不同的结构来表达同样的意义。句法启动指的是人们在语言产出时,倾向于使用刚接触过的句式结构,而不是其他同样可被选择的结构。句法启动研究最早于1986年出现在第一语言研究领域,随后被学者引入了第二语言研究领域,并证明句法启动现象在二语领域同样存在。句法启动方法可被用来探究第二语言加工、语言表征以及语言习得等方面的问题。近年来以McDonough等为代表的学者也对句法启动与第二语言习得以及发展之间的关系加以探究。本文将句法启动引入汉语作为第二语言研究中,进行了两组相关实验。第一个实验探索的是启动条件中疑问句类型对汉语作为第二语言习得者句法启动的影响。第二个实验探索的是重复对句法启动的影响效果。本文首先在第一章对句法启动进行了简要介绍。第二章中对句法启动研究现状进行了综述,并介绍了句法启动实验中常用的实验方法以及几种理论解释。第三章对本研究进行的两个句法启动实验的设计进行了详细的介绍,包括实验对象、实验材料、步骤以及预测试等。实验对象为30名南京大学的外国留学生。实验者与被试进行一对一的单独实验,包括前测、启动实验以及后测,全程约为20到30分钟。启动实验的实验方法参考了图片描述任务和联盟脚本互动任务,进行图片问答。实验者与被试就自己手中的图片轮流向对方发问。第四章具体介绍了本文的第一个实验——启动疑问句的类型是否影响第二语言习得者的问句产出。实验者随机将20名被试分为两组,实验组一接触到的启动材料包含两种特殊疑问句,实验组二的启动材料中则出现六种不同的特殊疑问句。实验结果显示,疑问句类型对于被试的问句产出具有明显启动效果。接触了种类较丰富问句的实验组二比实验组一产出更多种类的问句。第五章介绍了本文的第二个实验——启动过程中是否需要对启动信息加以重复。实验组二、三的被试在实验中接触同样的启动材料和提示材料。实验组三的被试在图片问答任务中,需先复述一遍实验者所说的疑问句,再进行问答。而实验组二的被试只需要与实验者进行图片问答即可。实验结果显示,两组被试的问句产出情况并无显著差异,重复对于句法启动效应无显著影响。在最后一章中,作者将实验结果与理论以及第二语言习得应用相联系,得出以下几点结论。首先,句法启动在汉语作为第二语言领域存在。其次,启动研究对于第二语言习得具有一定的意义。第三,词汇句法表征模型存在。最后,作者展望了今后的研究方向,并对全文进行总结。
[Abstract]:Priming refers to the fact that the language form or meaning that people have come into contact with before will affect the subsequent language output. There are many manifestations of priming phenomenon, among which syntactic priming is an important research area that has been paid attention to by scholars. The existence of syntactic priming is based on the diversity of human languages, that is, two different structures can be used in the same language to express the same meaning. The syntactic priming study first appeared in the field of first language research in 1986 and was later introduced into the field of second language research by scholars. It is proved that syntactic priming also exists in the field of second language. Syntactic priming can be used to explore the processing of second language. In recent years, scholars, such as McDonough et al, have also explored the relationship between syntactic priming and second language acquisition and development. This paper introduces syntactic priming into the study of Chinese as a second language. Two groups of related experiments were conducted. The first was to explore the effect of question type in priming condition on the syntactic priming of Chinese as a second language learner, and the second was to explore the effect of repetition on syntactic priming. In the first chapter, the syntactic priming is briefly introduced. In the second chapter, the research status of syntactic priming is summarized, and the common experimental methods and several theoretical explanations are introduced. In the third chapter, the design of two syntactic priming experiments is introduced in detail, including the experimental objects, experimental materials, The subjects were 30 foreign students from Nanjing University. The subjects were conducted one-to-one experiments, including pre-test, priming experiment and post-test. The whole process is about 20 to 30 minutes. The experimental method of starting the experiment refers to the picture description task and the interactive task of the alliance script, and carries on the picture question-and-answer. The experimenter and the subject ask each other questions about the pictures in their hands in turn. Chapter 4th introduces in detail whether the type of priming questions affects the output of question sentences of second language learners. Twenty subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Two special questions were found in the priming materials of experimental group one, and six different special questions appeared in the priming materials of experimental group two. The type of interrogative sentence has obvious priming effect on the question sentence output of the subjects. Chapter 5th introduces whether the second experiment in this paper should be repeated during startup. Three percent of the subjects were exposed to the same priming materials and prompts in the experiment. In the photo question-and-answer task, the participants in the experimental group 3 had to retell the questions said by the experimenter. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the output of question sentences between the two groups, and repetition had no significant effect on the syntactic priming effect. In the last chapter, the author associates the experimental results with the theory and the application of second language acquisition, and draws the following conclusions: firstly, syntactic priming exists in the field of Chinese as a second language. The priming study has a certain significance for second language acquisition. Thirdly, lexical and syntactic representation models exist. Finally, the author looks forward to the future research direction and summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195

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