汉语截省句的句法

发布时间：2018-02-22 00:27

本文关键词： 汉语截省句生成机制疑问残余不对称孤岛修复　出处：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文主要研宄汉语语言中的一种省略形式-截省句。这种句式在表面形式上是一个疑问词或疑问词短语，但实质上截省句的内部句法结构是一个完整的CP，其句子类型是一个疑问句。因此，截省句是一种语音形式不完备的省略句。截省句一直以来都是语言研宄者们关注的一个课题，最早的研宄始于Ross(1969)。此后，截省句作为一种省略句式，引起了学者们的研宄兴趣。截省句的研宄最早是以英语为研宄对象的，虽然自Chao (1987)以来，对汉语截省句的研宄开始增多，但总体上来说，研宄文献还是比较少。本文对汉语截省句进行了深入研宄，主要提出并解决以下三个研宄问题：（1)汉语截省句是怎样表达的？（2)汉语截省句中的疑问残余是否存在不对称现象？(3)汉语截省句是否同英语截省句一样能够修复孤岛？第一个研宄问题涉及到汉语截省句的生成过程。目前，探讨截省句大致有两种方法：移位删略法(PF Deletion)和非移位复制法(LF Copying)。本文认为汉语虽然是疑问词非移位语言，但也存在显性移位，所以主张用移位删略法来解释汉语截省句，但与英语截省句不同的是，汉语截省句中疑问词（短语）发生的移位是焦点驱动的移位，汉语截省句是由疑问词焦点移位至[Spec, FP]后在语音层面删除后面的IP所生成的。同时，作者还发现通过焦点移位说，汉语表面的多重疑问删略句也可以得到合理解释。关于第二个研宄问题，笔者认为汉语截省句中的疑问残余存在不对称现象：一方面，论元疑问词和附加语疑问词之间的不对称；另一方面，附加语疑问词“怎么样”和其他附加语疑问词之间的不对称，具体表现在附加语疑问词“怎么样”不能像其他附加语疑问词一样在汉语截省句当中出现。本文受Lin (1992)的启发，认为“怎么样”不能出现在汉语截省句中，，而其他附加语疑问词却可以，是由于两者的句法位置不同：“怎么样”位于VP，所以它在PF层面被删略，而其他附加语疑问词位于IP。第三个研宄问题涉及到汉语截省句的一个重要性质，也是一直以来所有语言学者探讨和难以解释的语言现象-孤岛修复效应。本文通过研宄得出结论：汉语截省句同英语截省句一样，也可以修复孤岛。本文支持Liu (2006)的观点，认为歧义、近邻原则及话语关联在孤岛修复问题上发挥着重要作用，并在此基础上做出更全面的研宄。最后，笔者对全文的研宄作了总结，总结了其成果和创新点，但同时也指出其局限性和有待解决的问题。本文的分析可以加深我们对于汉语截省句的理解，同时，本研宄对于语言教学也可以起到一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we mainly study an elliptical form in the Chinese language, the truncated sentence, which is superficially a interrogative word or a interrogative phrase. However, in essence, the internal syntactic structure of the truncated sentence is a complete CP.The sentence type is a interrogative sentence. Therefore, the truncated sentence is an elliptical sentence with incomplete phonetic form. The truncation of provincial sentences has always been a topic of concern to linguists, the earliest study of which began with Rossin1969. since then, the truncation of provincial sentences has been used as an elliptical sentence. It has aroused the interest of scholars. The study of truncated provincial sentences is based on English at first. Although since Chao 1987, the study of Chinese truncated provincial sentences has begun to increase, but on the whole, the literature of studying provincial sentences is still relatively few. This paper makes a deep study of the Chinese truncated provincial sentence, and mainly puts forward and solves the following three research questions: 1) how to express the Chinese truncated provincial sentence? (2) is there any asymmetry in the residual doubt in Chinese truncated provincial sentences? Can Chinese truncate provincial sentences repair isolated islands as English? At present, there are two ways to study truncated sentences: shift, delete and delete (PF Deletion) and non-shift copying method. This paper holds that Chinese is a non-shift language of interrogative words. However, there is also explicit shift, so it is proposed to use shift deletion method to explain Chinese truncated provincial sentences. However, unlike English truncated provincial sentences, the shift of interrogative words (phrases) in Chinese truncated provincial sentences is a focus driven shift. The Chinese truncated provincial sentence is generated by removing the following IP from the phonetics level after the focus shift of the interrogative word to [Spec, FP]. At the same time, the author also finds that the Chinese surface multiple interrogative censored sentences can be reasonably explained by the focus shift theory. With regard to the second study, the author holds that there is asymmetry in the residual of interrogations in Chinese truncated provincial sentences: on the one hand, the asymmetry between meta interrogative words and additional interrogative words; on the other hand, The asymmetry between the additional interrogative word "how" and other additional interrogative words is manifested in the fact that the adjunctive interrogative word "how" can not appear in Chinese truncated provincial sentence just like other additional interrogative words. This article is inspired by Lin / 1992). It is believed that "how" can not appear in Chinese truncated provincial sentences, while other additional interrogative words can, because of their different syntactic positions, "how" is located in VPs, so it is deleted at PF level, while other additional interrogative words are located in IPs. The third study concerns an important property of Chinese truncated provincial sentences. This paper concludes that Chinese truncated provincial sentences can repair isolated islands as well as English truncated provincial sentences. This paper supports the viewpoint of Liu / 2006). It is considered that ambiguity, nearest neighbor principle and utterance relevance play an important role in the restoration of isolated islands, and a more comprehensive study is made on this basis. Finally, the author summarizes the research of this paper, summarizes its achievements and innovations, but also points out its limitations and problems to be solved. The analysis of this paper can deepen our understanding of Chinese truncated sentences, at the same time, this study can also play a role in promoting language teaching.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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